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Weathering and Erosion

Weathering and Erosion. How landforms are made. Mechanical Weathering. Weathering Terminology. Bedrock: unaltered rock of any kind Regolith: a layer of broken pieces of rock and slightly altered rock that overlies the bedrock

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Weathering and Erosion

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  1. Weathering and Erosion How landforms are made.

  2. Mechanical Weathering

  3. Weathering Terminology Bedrock: unaltered rock of any kind Regolith:a layer of broken pieces of rock and slightly altered rock that overlies the bedrock Soil: a layer of altered mineral material usually mixed with organic material

  4. Mechanical Weathering Weathering due to physical changes Ice Abrasion Gravity Wind Water Plants Animals

  5. Frost: water expands by ~10% when it freezes Thermal expansion: differential heat expansion of minerals creates stress in rocks Organic activity: tree roots to micro-organisms

  6. This is a picture of the Half Dome. The rock is peeling away from the mountain in layers just like an onion. This is exfoliation.

  7. Frost Action or ice wedging slowly breaks up this sedimentary rock into unusual shapes.

  8. These rocks have been blasted by wind and sand causing them to become rounded. WIND ABRASION

  9. Chemical Weathering

  10. Chemical Weathering Weathering due to chemical changes of an object. Water Acid Rain Acid in the Groundwater Acids in living things Air Oxidation

  11. Why are deserts and Mars red? • Oxidation of iron (rusting)

  12. This rock is red because of the oxidation of iron in the sediment when the rock was being formed.

  13. In this picture the running water eroded the sides of this canyon and created the V-shaped valleys.

  14. This is a picture of a landslide. A type of mass wasting.

  15. In this picture the land has slumped into the road below.

  16. This is a diagram of creep. The hillside slowly slips over many years from temperature or water.

  17. This is a picture of an avalanche. It is similar to a landslide with ice and snow instead of rock.

  18. This is a picture of a glacier which carves out a U-shaped valley where it flows dragging rocks and boulders along the way.

  19. Differential Weathering • Process where softer, less weather resistant rock wear away and leave harder, more weather resistant rock.

  20. What are the major factors that control weathering? • Composition, • Structure (surface area) • Climate, • Soil and vegetation, • Time

  21. Principles of chemical weathering • Why do we use hot water to make coffee? • Why do we grind coffee before brewing it? • Why is the ocean salty?

  22. Climate and Weathering • Climate is the average weather condition in an area over a long period of time. • The rate of chemical weathering happens faster in warm, humid climates.

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