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Chapter 11

Chapter 11. Object Oriented Databases Database Systems: Design, Implementation, and Management, Sixth Edition, Rob and Coronel. In this chapter, you will learn:. What basic concepts govern OO systems How OO features are related to the more traditional relational and ER models

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Chapter 11

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  1. Chapter 11 Object Oriented Databases Database Systems: Design, Implementation, and Management, Sixth Edition, Rob and Coronel

  2. In this chapter, you will learn: • What basic concepts govern OO systems • How OO features are related to the more traditional relational and ER models • What the basic features of an OO database management system (OODBMS) are • What effect OO concepts are likely to have on data modeling and design Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 6th Edition, Rob & Coronel

  3. In this chapter, you will learn: (continued) • About the advantages and disadvantages of OODBMSs • How OO concepts have influenced the relational model • How Oracle9i implements object extensions Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 6th Edition, Rob & Coronel

  4. Object Orientation and Its Benefits • A set of design and development principles based on conceptually autonomous computer structures known as objects • Each object represents a real-world entity with the ability to act upon itself and interact with other objects • Modularity is therefore almost inevitable Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 6th Edition, Rob & Coronel

  5. Object Orientation Contributions Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 6th Edition, Rob & Coronel

  6. The Evolution of Object Oriented Concepts • Object oriented programming • Developed as an alternative to traditional programming methods • Programmer creates or uses objects: • Self-contained, reusable modules that contain data as well as the procedures used to operate on such data Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 6th Edition, Rob & Coronel

  7. The Evolution of Object Oriented Concepts (continued) • Object oriented programming languageswere developed to: • Provide an easy-to-use software development environment • Provide a powerful software modeling tool for application development • Decrease development time by reducing the amount of code • Improve programmer productivity by making that code reusable Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 6th Edition, Rob & Coronel

  8. The Evolution of Object Oriented Concepts (continued) • Object oriented environment has several important attributes: • Data set is no longer passive • Data and procedures are bound together, creating an object • Object has an innate ability to act on itself Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 6th Edition, Rob & Coronel

  9. Object Oriented Concepts • Have their roots in programming languages • No knowledge of programming is necessary to understand these concepts Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 6th Edition, Rob & Coronel

  10. Objects: Components and Characteristics • Object: • Abstract representation of a real-world entity • Has: • Unique identity • Embedded properties • Ability to interact with other objects and act upon itself • Defining characteristic is its unique identity Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 6th Edition, Rob & Coronel

  11. Real-World Student Objects Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 6th Edition, Rob & Coronel

  12. Object Identity • Unique to that object • Assigned by system at moment of object’s creation • Cannot be changed under any circumstances • Can be deleted only if the object is deleted • Can never be reused Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 6th Edition, Rob & Coronel

  13. Attributes (Instance Variables) • Attributes: • Known as instance variables in OO environment • Domain: • Logically groups and describes the set of all possible values that an attribute can have Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 6th Edition, Rob & Coronel

  14. Object Attributes Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 6th Edition, Rob & Coronel

  15. Object State • Set of values that object’s attributes have at a given time • Can vary, although its OID remains the same • To change the object’s state, change the values of the object’s attributes • To change the object’s attribute values, send a message to the object • Message will invoke a method Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 6th Edition, Rob & Coronel

  16. Messages and Methods • Method: • Code that performs a specific operation on object’s data • Protects data from direct and unauthorized access by other objects • Used to change the object’s attribute values or to return the value of selected object attributes • Represent real-world actions Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 6th Edition, Rob & Coronel

  17. Depiction of an Object Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 6th Edition, Rob & Coronel

  18. Method Components Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 6th Edition, Rob & Coronel

  19. Objects Send Messages to Each Other Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 6th Edition, Rob & Coronel

  20. Classes • Collection of similar objects with shared structure (attributes) and behavior (methods) • Class instance or object instance • Each object in a class Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 6th Edition, Rob & Coronel

  21. Class Illustration Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 6th Edition, Rob & Coronel

  22. Protocol • An object’s public aspect • How it is known by other objects as well as end users • Other objects communicate with the student object using any of these methods Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 6th Edition, Rob & Coronel

  23. Public and Private Aspects of an Object Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 6th Edition, Rob & Coronel

  24. OO Summary: Object Characteristics Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 6th Edition, Rob & Coronel

  25. Musical Instruments Class Hierarchy Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 6th Edition, Rob & Coronel

  26. Single Inheritance Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 6th Edition, Rob & Coronel

  27. Multiple Inheritance Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 6th Edition, Rob & Coronel

  28. Motor Vehicle and Bicycle Instance Variables Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 6th Edition, Rob & Coronel

  29. Employee Class Hierarchy Method Override Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 6th Edition, Rob & Coronel

  30. Employee Class Hierarchy Polymorphism Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 6th Edition, Rob & Coronel

  31. Abstract Data Types • Differs from conventional data type • ADT’s operations are user-defined • ADT does not allow direct access to its internal data representation or method implementation • To create ADT, specify: • Its name • Data representation or instance variables of objects belonging to the abstract data • ADT operations and constraints, both of which are implemented through methods Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 6th Edition, Rob & Coronel

  32. Object Classification • Simple object • Composite object • Compound object • Hybrid object • Associative object Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 6th Edition, Rob & Coronel

  33. Characteristics of an Object Oriented Data Model • Support the representation of complex objects • Are extensible: • Capable of defining new data types as well as the operations to be performed on them • Support encapsulation: • Data representation and method’s implementation must be hidden from external entities Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 6th Edition, Rob & Coronel

  34. Characteristics of an Object Oriented Data Model (continued) • Exhibit inheritance: • Object must be able to inherit properties (data and methods) of other objects • Support the notion of object identity (OID) Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 6th Edition, Rob & Coronel

  35. Comparing the OO and ER Model Components Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 6th Edition, Rob & Coronel

  36. Shared Representation for All Objects of the Class Person Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 6th Edition, Rob & Coronel

  37. State of a Person Object Instance Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 6th Edition, Rob & Coronel

  38. Defining Three Abstract Data Types Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 6th Edition, Rob & Coronel

  39. Object Representation for Instances of the Class Person with ADTs Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 6th Edition, Rob & Coronel

  40. Object State for an Instance of the Class Person, Using ADTs Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 6th Edition, Rob & Coronel

  41. Referential Object Sharing Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 6th Edition, Rob & Coronel

  42. Class Hierarchy Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 6th Edition, Rob & Coronel

  43. Employee Object Representation Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 6th Edition, Rob & Coronel

  44. Class Hierarchy for the EDLP Retail Corporation Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 6th Edition, Rob & Coronel

  45. Representing a 1:M Relationship Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 6th Edition, Rob & Coronel

  46. Representing 1:1 and 1:M Relationships Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 6th Edition, Rob & Coronel

  47. Employee-Dependent Relationship Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 6th Edition, Rob & Coronel

  48. Representing the M:N Relationship Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 6th Edition, Rob & Coronel

  49. Representing the M:N Relationship with Associated Attributes Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 6th Edition, Rob & Coronel

  50. Representing the M:N Relationship with Intersection Class Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 6th Edition, Rob & Coronel

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