The Jungle by Upton Sinclair Read (skim) the excerpt f rom “The Jungle” and

1. 548-555- Analyze an excerpt from Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle. - Describe the origins of theProgressive Movement.

2. A Pocketwatch- expensive- heavily dented, scratched- inside case have several sets of numbers scratched into it- key hole where watch is wound has thousands of scrapes, scratches around it

3. The Jungle by Upton Sinclair Read (skim) the excerpt from “The Jungle” and mark any passages that describe conditions in the meatpacking industry. Focus on those most disturbing.

4. The Progressive Era • Period between 1890s-1920 when reformers tried to improve America’s social, economic and political life through a variety of ways.

5. PROGRESSIVISM Suffragettes Social Gospel Muckrackers Temperance MidclassWomen Labor Unions Popul ists CivilRights

6. The Progressive Era • Period between 1890s-1920 when reformers tried to improve America’s social, economic and political life through a variety of ways. • Origins: • New urban/industrial order in America made life for people/workers difficult and more dangerous. • Economic depression of 1893 brought about hardship for many Americans. • Dangerous labor and working conditions: • Most worked 10 hour days (steelworkers and textiles 12 hours) • Low wages (1905 60% workers earned less than a living wage) • Dangerous conditions (1911 Triangle Shirtwaist Company fire in New York killed 146 workers)

7. Triangle Shirtwaist Company Fire 1911

8. The Progressive Era • Period between 1900-1920 when reformers tried to improve America’s social, economic and political life through a variety of ways. • Origins: • New urban/industrial order in America. • Economic depression of 1893. • Poor labor/working conditions. • Populist challenged the status quo of politics and society over a decade earlier. • Flood of immigrants to America continued to flow into overcrowded and filthy cities. • Ineffective and corrupt government failed to solve issues.

9. The Progressive Era • Examples of Progressive Groups: • The Social Gospel Movement • Reform-minded ministers tried to apply religious ethics to business and industry. • Examples: • Washington Gladden • Walter Rauschenbusch • Federal Council of Churches of Christ

11. The Progressive Era • Examples: • Muckrakers • Journalists who used a new style of investigative reporting to expose problems, social ills and corruption. • Samuel McClure – “McClures Magazine • Lincoln Steffens – The “Shame of the Cities” • Ida Tarbell – “A History of Standard Oil” • Frank Norris – “The Octopus” • Upton Sinclair – “The Jungle”

14. The Progressive Era • Examples: • The Gospel of Efficiency - Theory that the application of scientific techniques to industry would improve the economy & work conditions. - Frederick Taylor’s theory of “Scientific Management” broke down jobs to their most simple tasks.

15. The Progressive Era • Examples: • Organized Labor Unions demanded increased wages, safer conditions, reduction of hours, workers compensation, curb child labor and regulate the employment of women. • American Federation of Labor • International Ladies Garment Workers Union • Amalgamated Clothing Workers • Industrial Workers of the World (“Wobblies”)

16. The Progressive Era • Examples: • Women reformers also jointed the Progressive Movement • Why? • By the 1890s, the role and status of women increased as women’s organizations began to take an active part in Progressivism: • By 1910 over ¼ of workers were women. • National Congress of Mothers • National Consumer’s League – Florence Kelley • Women’s Trade Union League

17. Expanding the Woman’s Sphere

18. The “Culture Wars”:The Pendulum of Right v. Left Right – Private groups/churches attempt to change social ills CONSERVATIVE REVOLUTION ChristianEvangelicalMovement Social Gospel 1920s Revivalism 1950sRevivalism CIVILWAR Antebellum Reforms[1810s-1850s] Progressivism[1890s-1920] New Deal[1930s-1940s] Great Society&1960s SocialMovements Populism[1870s-1890s] Left – Gov’t attempts to change social ills