1 / 24

States of Matter

Learn about the kinetic theory of matter, how temperature affects the motion of particles, the behavior of gases, measuring pressure, properties of liquids and solids, phase changes, and the concept of plasma. Explore various examples and demonstrations.

cedricn
Download Presentation

States of Matter

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. States of Matter Chapter 13 https://States of Matter Video

  2. Kinetic Theory • Tiny particles in all forms of matter are in constant motion. • Temperature is related to the average kinetic energy of an object’s molecules. • High kinetic energy ~ Higher temperature • Low kinetic energy ~ Lower temperature Molecules in Motion Applet http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/gas-properties

  3. Temperature on the Kelvin Scale • Based on “Absolute Zero” • No negative values – all substances have energy (positive temperature)

  4. Gas • Particles farther apart than other forms of matter • Particles take up the volume of the container • Particles moving randomly in straight lines with “perfect elastic collisions”

  5. Gas Pressure • The result of collisions of gas particles with the container walls #collisions ~ gas pressure

  6. Atmospheric Pressure • Air molecules colliding with objects Air molecules https://Styrofoam cup

  7. Measuring Pressure • Standard Temperature = 0° Celsius • Standard Pressure Equivalents: (measured at sea level, 0° Celsius) 1 atmosphere 101.3 kilopascals 760 mm Hg 760 torr STP

  8. The chart below illustrates how to interpret your barometer's inches of mercury reading. This provides a reasonably accurate forecast for the next 12 to 24 hours. The Barometer Invented by Evangelist Torricelli (1643) What’s that weather man saying? Does the barometric pressure effect when the fish bite?

  9. The monometer

  10. Liquids • Molecules are close together, touching • Liquids are not compressible • Intermolecular forces hold the molecules together loosely so that they can slip and slide around each other. Need proof? Water Pours.

  11. Evaporation • Molecules gain enough kinetic energy to “break away” or escape from intermolecular forces at the surface. Why do we sweat?

  12. Boiling • Tiny bubbles of vapor form inside the liquid due to increased kinetic energy. • The vapor pressure must be equal or greater than the air pressure to escape. Water Boiling in a low g environment Video Altitude changes and Boiling Temperatures Pressure cooking Cooking Under Pressure

  13. Is boiling different than evaporation? • YES!!!!

  14. Boiling Water with Ice Demo • How is it possible that the water boils when the flask is cooled?

  15. Dynamic Equilibrium

  16. Solids • Particles are close together in fixed positions – only vibrate. • Solids are also not compressible. • Solids have stronger intermolecular forces than liquids and gasses.

  17. Solids • Many solids form crystals. -repeating pattern or arrangement of the particles (crystal lattice) • Other solids are amorphous & lack internal structure https://www.google.com/search?q=crystals&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ei=Bvw0VbG7NcWUNu2GgMgD&ved=0CDIQsAQ&biw=859&bih=539

  18. Allotropes • Two or more different molecular forms of the same element.

  19. Melting Point • Temperature at which the solids turn to a liquid • The particles have enough kinetic energy to overcome the intermolecular force that holds them in place. Ionic substances – high melting pts Molecular substances – low melting pts

  20. Sublimation • A solid changing to a vapor without passing through the liquid phase. • The solids vapor pressure is higher than the atmospheric pressure Air fresheners Urinal Cakes Ice when very cold Freeze Dried Products Dry Ice (Carbon dioxide)

  21. http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/states-of-matter

  22. Phase change diagram vaporization melting

  23. Phase Diagrams Example : Water Triple Point

  24. Plasma • State at which the kinetic energy is so high that the atom’s electrons are freed from the nucleus • Ionized state of an atom • Low temp plasma – 50,000 – 100,00 K • High temp plasma – 10,000,000+ K Is this in my blood? You ask about TVs?

More Related