Motivation

1. Motivation Prof. Dr. Ramez N. Bedwani

2. Outcome • Setting goals are important in provoking motives. • Motives are important to achieve a successful life.

3. Definition • Classification • Dimensions • Provocation of motives • Motivation in clinical practice

4. Definition • A motive is an internal state or set of the individual which disposes him towards certain mode of behaviourfor seeking certain goals • Motivation refers to the driving and pulling forces which result in persistent behaviourdirected toward particular goals • Motives are powerful tools for the explanation of behaviour and they allow us to make predictions about future behaviour

5. Classification • Motives can be innate or acquired • Innate motives are characterized by being: 1-Universal : found in all members of the species 2-Permanent:Found(active or inactive)all the time 3-Present since birth

6. However, the separation between innate motive & other motive is not very well delineated • Classification of motives go along different dimensions

7. Dimensions I-Biological motives II-Social motives

8. 1-Biological motives • such as: • hunger • thirst and • sex • Have their origin in the physiological state of the body • These motives can be aroused by changes of the balanced levels of body processes

9. II-Social motives • These are motives mainly stimulated and perpetuated bysocial stimuli and habits, eg.: • the need for achievement • need for power • and possibly human aggression • These are mostly learned motives

10. Example: 1-The need to belong 2-The need for achievement 3-Power motivation 4-Motives to know and to be effective

11. 1-The need to belong • Man has some basic need to belong to other human fellows • The circle of belonging increases from the family → the school / work society → the club or political party → the nation as a whole and so on

12. 2- The need for achievement • This is a motive to accomplish things and to be successful in performing tasks • People driven by this motive are persistentin their work, seek more challenging tasks and like to work in situations where they have some control over the outcome • The level of achievement motivation in a society can be related to its economic growth

13. 3- Power motivation • A social motive in which the goals are to influence, control, lead, charm others and enhance one’s own reputation in the eyes of other people • The behavioural expression of power motivation takes many forms such as:

14. Forms of Power motivation: I- Impulsive and overtly aggressive actions: This is rather abnormal except in justified situations such as war time or self defense 2- Participation in competitive sports: This sometimes considered as sublimation of aggression

15. 3-Joining of organizations: Here the power is achieved by belonging to(& consequently possessing)the power of the whole group 4- Collection of possessions: Here power is related to the increased authority and potentiality enabled by the fortune possessed or money collected

16. 5- Association with people who are not particularly popular: Apart from some gang collection in the adolescent, this form of satisfying power motive could → to eccentrism and group delinquency 6- Choice of occupations which have a high impact on others: Certain occupations implies in its nature authority. Political leadership is a direct way of expressing power and in Egypt the physician role still represents dignified authoritative role

17. 7- Heavy and strenuous sports as: • weight lifting • boxing • wrestling • body-building 8- Exploiting others in a deceptive fashion

18. Provocation of motives can be done through • Every aspect of life, needs motivation as the fuel to performance & achievement • In education • In training for competitive sport • and in moving toward health • it is needed to push / provoke motivation

19. This could be achieved through the following: I- Defining the final goal as an ultimate clear purpose 2- Then defining the intermediate goals which will lead ultimately to the final: (The more the goal is near and clear, the more the motive is strong 3- Establishment of confidant relations between leader and subordinates related to the common goal

20. 4-Supplying adequate and enough equipment & facilities: 5- Establishment of fair competition (but exaggerated competition can block motivation)

21. 6-Elimination of interfering motives / factors • Motives are often blocked or frustrated by: • other contradictory motives • environmental factors • personal factors / conflict • Elimination of all such factors would provoke the proper motivation towards certain goals

22. Motivation in clinical practice • It is very important to put in consideration that the patient has a rolein recovery • The physician should be keen to arouse +veinterest in health Hope is another motive & is related to some optimistic attitude of life • Motivating a mother to follow health rules for herself and children is another field where motivation can work

23. Quiz • I-Provocation of motives can be done through all of the following except: • a) Defining a final goal as an ultimate clear purpose • b) Defining intermediate goals • c) Elimination of interfering motives / factors • d) Aggressive actions

24. II-All of the following is true about social motives except: • a) Stimulated and perpetuated by social stimuli and habits • b) They are mostly learned • c) They include the need for achievement • d) They include Thirst & Hunger

25. Assignment • Define a final and intermediate goals for your life & how to provoke your motives to achieve them.

26. Assignment