Hazardous Materials

1. Hazardous Materials Subpart H

2. Subpart H – Hazardous Materials • 101 – Compressed gases (general requirements) • 102 – Acetylene • 103 – Hydrogen • 104 – Oxygen • 105 – Nitrous oxide • 106 – Flammable and combustible liquids

3. Subpart H – Hazardous Materials • 107 – Spray finishing using flammable and combustible materials • 109 – Explosive and blasting agents • 110 – Storage and handling of liquefied petroleum gases • 111 – Storage and handling of anhydrous ammonia

4. Subpart H – Hazardous Materials • 119 – Process safety management of highly hazardous chemicals • 120 – Hazardous waste operations and emergency response • 122 – 126 – Dipping and coating operations

5. Flammable and Combustible Liquids

6. Introduction • The two primary hazards associated with flammable and combustible liquids are explosion and fire • Safe handling and storage of flammable liquids requires the use of approved equipment and practices per OSHA standards

7. Flash Point • Flash point means the minimum temperature at which a liquid gives off enough vapor to form an ignitable mixture • The lower the flash point, the greater the hazard • Flammable liquids have flash points below 100oF • May be ignited at room temperature • Combustible liquids have flash points at or above 100oF • Can pose serious fire and/or explosion hazards when heated

8. Classes of Flammableand Combustible Liquids 200 IIIA Combustible (FP > 100oF) 140 II Flash Point (oF) 100 IC Flammable (FP < 100oF) 73 IA IB 100 Boiling Point (oF)

9. Classes of Some Flammable Liquids Common Name Flash Point (oF) Ethyl Ether -49 Gasoline -45 Methyl Ethyl Ketone 21 Toluene 40 Xylene 81-115 Turpentine 95 CLASS IA CLASS IB CLASS IC

10. Flammable (Explosive) Limits

11. Program Components • Control of ignition sources • Proper storage • Fire control • Safe handling A good plan for safe use of flammable and combustible liquids contains at least these components:

12. Sources of Ignition Must take adequate precautions to prevent ignition of flammable vapors. Some sources of ignition include: • Open flames • Smoking • Static electricity • Cutting and welding • Hot surfaces • Electrical and mechanical sparks • Lightning

13. Static Electricity • Generated when a fluid flows through a pipe or from an opening into a tank • Main hazards are fire and explosion from sparks containing enough energy to ignite flammable vapors • Bonding or grounding of flammable liquid containers is necessary to prevent static electricity from causing a spark

14. Bonding • Physically connect two conductive objects together with a bond wire to eliminate a difference in static charge potential between them • Must provide a bond wire between containers during flammable liquid filling operations, unless a metallic path between them is otherwise present

15. Grounding • Eliminates a difference in static charge potential between conductive objects and ground • Although bonding will eliminate a difference in potential between objects, it will not eliminate a difference in potential between these objects and earth unless one of the objects is connected to earth with a ground wire

16. Ventilation Always provide adequate ventilation to reduce the potential for ignition of flammable vapors.

17. Storage Fundamentals • Identify incompatible chemicals – check the Material Safety Data Sheet • Isolate and separate incompatible materials • Isolate by storing in another area or room • Degree of isolation depends on quantities, chemical properties and packaging • Separate by storing in same area or room, but apart from each other

18. Container and Portable Tank Storage

19. Storage of Flammableand Combustible Liquids • Storage must not limit the use of exits, stairways, or areas normally used for the safe egress of people • In office occupancies: • Storage prohibited except that which is required for maintenance and operation of equipment • Storage must be in: • closed metal containers inside a storage cabinet, or • safety cans, or • an inside storage room Inside storage room

20. Safety Cans for Storage and Transfer • Approved container of not more than 5 gallons capacity • Spring-closing lid and spout cover • Safely relieves internal pressure when exposed to fire

21. Flame Arrester Screen • Prevents fire flashback into can contents • Double wire-mesh construction • Large surface area provides rapid dissipation of heat from fire so that vapor temperature inside can remains below ignition point

22. Storage Cabinets • Not more than 60 gal of Class I and/or Class II liquids, or not more than 120 gal of Class III liquids permitted in a cabinet • Must be conspicuously labeled, “Flammable - Keep Fire Away” • Doors on metal cabinets must have a three-point lock (top, side, and bottom), and the door sill must be raised at least 2 inches above the bottom of the cabinet

23. Fire Control • Suitable fire control devices, such as small hose or portable fire extinguishers must be available where flammable or combustible liquids are stored • Open flames and smoking must not be permitted in these storage areas • Materials which react with water must not be stored in the same room with flammable or combustible liquids

24. Transferring Flammable Liquids • Through a closed piping system • From safety cans • By gravity through an approved self-closing safety faucet • By means of a safety pump Since there is a sizeable risk whenever flammable liquids are handled, OSHA allows only four methods for transferring these materials:

25. Self-Closing Safety Faucet • Bonding wire between drum and container • Grounding wire between drum and ground • Safety vent in drum

26. Faster and safer than using a faucet Spills less likely No separate safety vents in drum required Installed directly in drum bung opening Some pump hoses have integral bonding wires Safety Pump

27. Waste and Residue Combustible waste and residue must be kept to a minimum, stored in covered metal receptacles and disposed of daily. Waste drum with disposal funnel Oily-waste can (self-closing lid) Safety disposal can

28. Safe Handling Fundamentals • Carefully read the manufacturer’s label on the flammable liquid container before storing or using it • Practice good housekeeping in flammable liquid storage areas • Clean up spills immediately, then place the cleanup rags in a covered metal container • Only use approved metal safety containers or original manufacturer’s container to store flammable liquids • Keep the containers closed when not in use and store away from exits or passageways • Use flammable liquids only where there is plenty of ventilation • Keep flammable liquids away from ignition sources such as open flames, sparks, smoking, cutting, welding, etc.

29. Hazardous (Classified) Locations • Hazardous locations are classified in three ways by the National Electric Code (NEC): • TYPE (Class) • CONDITION (Division) • NATURE.

30. TYPE - Class I Locations • Presence of flammable gases or vapors in the air, in sufficient quantities to be explosive or ignitable. • Petroleum refineries • Gasoline storage and dispensing areas • Dry cleaning plants • Spray finishing areas

31. Class I Locations • Gas or vapor hazardous locations require special Class I hazardous location equipment.

32. Class II Locations • Areas made hazardous by the presence of combustible dust. • Grain elevators • Flour and feed mills • Plants that manufacture, use or store magnesium or aluminum powders • Plastics, medicines and fireworks producers • Producers of starch or candies • Spice grinding plants, sugar plants and cocoa plants

33. Class III Locations • Easily-ignitable fibers or flyings present, due to the types of materials being handled, stored, or processed. • Textile mills • cotton gins • Cotton seed mills, flax processing plants • Plants that shape, pulverize or cut wood and create sawdust or flyings

34. Class III Locations • Textile mills • cotton gins • Cotton seed mills, flax processing plants • Plants that shape, pulverize or cut wood and create sawdust or flyings

35. Hazardous Locations Conditions • The Code specifies that hazardous material may exist in different kinds of conditions • DIVISION 1 - normal conditions • DIVISION 2 - abnormal conditions.

36. Hazardous Location • Types of hazardous location: • Class I – gas or vapor • Class II – dust • Class III – fibers and flyings • Kinds of conditions: • Division 1 – normal conditions • Division 2 – abnormal conditions

37. Nature of Hazardous Substances • Class I locations are broken down into four groups: A,B,C, and D. • These materials are grouped according to the ignition temperature of the substance, its explosion pressure, and other flammable characteristics.

38. Nature of Hazardous Substances • Group A • Acetylene - extremely high explosive pressure. • Group B • hydrogen and other materials with similar characteristics. • Group C • substances such ether. • Group D • most common flammable substances such as butane, gasoline, natural gas and propane.

39. Nature of Hazardous Substances • Class II – dust locations – contains the hazardous materials in Groups: • Group E - metal dust • Group F - materials such as carbon black, charcoal dust, coal dust and coke dust. • Group G - grain dust, flour, starch, cocoa, and similar types of materials.

40. Hazardous (Classified) Locations How would you classify a storage area where LP gas is contained in closed tanks?

41. Hazardous (Classified) Locations

42. LP GAS CLASSIFICATION • Class I • gas or vapor • Division 2 • would only be in the atmosphere if an accidental rupture or leakage occurred • Group D • fuel

43. Summary • The two primary hazards associated with flammable and combustible liquids are explosion and fire • Safe handling and storage of flammable liquids requires the use of approved equipment and practices per OSHA standards • An excellent reference on this topic is National Fire Protection Association Standard No. 30, Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code

45. Subpart H - Hazardous Materials(1910.101 - 126) Spray area – Cleaning Compressed gases - Handling, storage and use Spray booth - Air velocity Class I liquids - Dispensing Standard: 1910. Spray area - Approved electrical wiring