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MODELKEY and the Waterframework Directive

MODELKEY and the Waterframework Directive Models for Assessing and Forecasting the Impact of Environmental Key Pollutants on Freshwater and Marine Ecosystems and Biodiversity

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MODELKEY and the Waterframework Directive

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  1. MODELKEY and the Waterframework Directive Models for Assessing and Forecasting the Impact of Environmental Key Pollutants on Freshwater and Marine Ecosystems and Biodiversity Werner Brack, Joop Bakker, Mahmoud Bataineh, Eric de Deckere, Jos van Gils, Michaela Hein, Bob Kooi, Sovan Lek, Urte Lübke-von Varel, Mirek Machala, Isabel Munoz, Peter von der Ohe, Antonio Marcomini, Claudia Schmitt, Mechthild Schmitt-Jansen, Helmut Segner, Georg Streck, Dick de Zwart and 26 partners from 14 countries

  2. WFD Article 5 Reports Majority of water bodies at risk not to achieve the goals of WFD or no data COM(2007)

  3. WFD Article 5 Reports not at risk insufficient data at risk

  4. WFD Article 5 Reports Preliminary conclusions: Agriculture (particularly nitrate) Major driving forces for insufficient ecological status: Hydromorphological alterations (channelisation, damming, regulation of water flow ...) What about toxicants? Three Gorge Dam (China)

  5. MODELKEY MODELKEY aims to establish links between the ecological status and toxic contamination • MODELKEY partners Schelde Elbe Case studies Llobregat

  6. Outline • Do we have evidence on toxic impacts? • What is the contribution of priority pollutants to risk on BQEs? • What non-priority pollutants may be important? site scale basin scale • Conclusions and recommendations

  7. Do we have evidence on toxic impacts? basin scale Effect modelling based on msPAF predicts hazards for more than 5% of species at about 30% of sites in the Scheldt including many sites that comply with EQS for priority pollutants

  8. Do we have evidence on toxic impacts? Disappearance of sensitive macro-inverte-brates (SPEAR-index) vs increasing contamination reflected by (Log TUsum). Example: Llobregat, Spain basin scale

  9. Relevant priority and non-priority pollutants Evaluation of four river basins based on TU: Elbe, Danube, Scheldt, Llobregat basin scale Evaluation of three BQEs using representative organisms: micro-algae (Selenastrum capricornutum) invertebrates (Daphnia magna) fish (Pimephales promelas)

  10. Relevant priority and non-priority pollutants algae basin scale missing on the PP list terbutylazine dinonylphthalate hexazinone terbutryne missing on the PP list propazine metolachlor alachlor diuron priority pollutants

  11. Relevant priority and non-priority pollutants inverte-brates missing on the PP list basin scale ethion dichlorvos missing on the PP list missing on the PP list heptenophos chlorfenvinfos diazinon chlorpyrifos phenol 2,5-dichlorophenol priority pollutants

  12. Relevant priority and non-priority pollutants fish basin scale missing on the PP list ( ) n fluoranthene dinonylphthalate missing on the PP list nonylphenol-ethoxylates PCBs tributyltin phenol priority pollutants

  13. Do we have evidence on toxic impacts? Frequent (and discriminative) detection of in vitro and in vivo effects site scale Examples: Mutagenicity, endocrine disruptive and antibiotic activity in sediment extracts Elbe Llobregat Scheldt

  14. Do we have evidence on toxic impacts? Translation to in vivo effects (realistic exposure conditions): Sediment contact test with snails indicates estrogenic effects at polluted sites site scale In vitro tests of extracts as early warning! However: not all in vitro effects detectable in vivo  Bioavailability?

  15. Increase in EC50 Do we have evidence on toxic impacts? Community effects: Pollution induced community tolerance (PICT) towards site specific toxicants Example: Effects of prometryn on biofilms from contaminated sites vs reference site scale Disappearance of sensitive species at affected sites

  16. Relevant priority and non-priority pollutants Effect-directed analysis as a tool to identify site-specific key toxicants site scale

  17. Relevant priority and non-priority pollutants Example: Effect-directed analysis of key toxicants downstream of Bitterfeld site scale PCDF dinaphthofurans naphthalenyl benzothiophene missing on the PP list N-phenyl-2-naphthylamine prometryn methyl parathion

  18. Relevant priority and non-priority pollutants Example: EDA of algal toxicants in sediments from the river Bilina (Czech Republic) site scale missing on the PP list triclosan Inhibition of cell multiplication

  19. Relevant priority and non-priority pollutants site scale Effect-directed analysis identifies high potencies in polar fractions that do not contain any priority pollutants. Examples: Mutagens in sediments from Elbe basin work in progress for many different endpoints

  20. Relevant priority and non-priority pollutants Screening of polar fractions for azaarenes and amino-PAHs (Tentatively identified compounds) quinoline, isoquinoline 4-phenylpyridine 5H-indeno[1,2-b]pyridine) benz(cd)indol-2(1H)-one, diphenylamine phenazine, phenanthridine, acridine, benzo(g)quinoline 2,3,6,7-tetramethylquinoxaline methylphenanthridine, methyl-acridine, phenylindolizine dibenz[a,c]acridine, dibenz[a,j]acridine, dibenz[a,h]acridine, dibenz[c,h]acridine indeno(1,2.3-ij)isoquinoline, acenaphtho(1,2-B)pyridine, 4-azapyrene phenylquinoline, phenylisoquinoline benzo(h)quinoline, 2,4-dimethyl, 5-methyl-2-phenylindolizine benzo(c)carbazole, 11H-indeno(1,2-b)quinoline N-phenyl-2-naphthaleneamine, 5(4H)-thebenidinone, 7-methyl-2-phenylquinoline N-phenyl-2-benzothiazolamine, benz[c]acridine, benz[a]acridine 5-methyl-benz[c]acridine, 10-methyl-benz[a]acridine, 9-phenyl-acridine site scale

  21. Joint Effects with other Stressors Multi-stress situation Example: Critical prometryn concentrations for flagellate population under nitrogen limitation Mitigation of eutrophication may enhance vulnerability towards toxicants!

  22. Joint Effects with other Stressors Multi-stress situation Example: toxicants and pathogens in fish Chronic exposure to estrogens leads to significantly lower survival than in control fish when exposed to pathogens Exposure to toxicants may enhance vulnerability towards other stressors!

  23. Conclusions and Recommendations • Toxic stress plays an important role for Ecological Status together with eutrophication, hydromorphology …. • Monitoring of priority pollutants is insufficient to estimate toxic pressure on ecological status • Add emerging pollutants • Add effect monitoring to avoid ignoring of unexpected toxicants • Be aware that other stressors and factors interact with toxic effects (nutrition, pathogens, recovery….) • Add state-of-the-art models and stressor specific indices to link chemical and ecological status

  24. Consortium Thanks to the MODELKEY partners for contribution and to you for your attention

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