1 / 49

Ancient Greece

Ancient Greece. Gods, Democracy, and Sparta. Earliest Greece. Geography and Early Civilizations. Ancient Greece. Geography Mountainous peninsula – Mount Olympus Pindos Mountains hundreds of rocky islands Including Crete, Rhodes part of the Turkish (Asia Minor) coast. Ancient Greece.

cera
Download Presentation

Ancient Greece

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Ancient Greece Gods, Democracy, and Sparta

  2. Earliest Greece Geography and Early Civilizations

  3. Ancient Greece • Geography • Mountainous peninsula – Mount Olympus • Pindos Mountains • hundreds of rocky islands • Including Crete, Rhodes • part of the Turkish (Asia Minor) coast

  4. Ancient Greece • Peninsula of Peninsulas • Peloponnesus is the biggest • Aegean Sea in the middle of Greece • Ionian Sea to the West • Mediterranean Sea to the south

  5. Ancient Greece • Sea • Aegean Sea in the middle of Greece • Ionian Sea to the West • Mediterranean Sea to the south • Greeks sailed instead of travelling across land because of the mountains

  6. Ancient Greece • Early Cultures • Minoans • Started on Crete • Most ancient of Greek civilization • Knossos was its capital • Built ships and sailed all over the Mediterrainean

  7. Ancient Greece • Traded olive oil, wood, and pottery with Egypt and southern Greece • Destroyed by a tsunami (tidal wave) and ash from a volcano eruption on the island of Thera (Santorini)

  8. Ancient Greece • Mycenaeans • Lived on the Greek mainland peninsula of Peloponnesus • Conquered Minoans • Were the first to speak Greek • Spread through war and conquest

  9. Ancient Greece • Attacked the city of Troy in Asia Minor • This event became known as the mythical Trojan War

  10. Ancient Greece • The stories of Homer’s mythical Greece are attributed to the Mycenaeans • Arête • the principle of honor in Gr society • Heroism • Willingness of men to do great things like in the myths of Homer

  11. Ancient Greece • City States • The polis • Center of life of a society • Usually a city or town • People who lived there shared a common identity and common goals

  12. Ancient Greece • City-States • Acropolis • Fortified area on top of a hill around which the walled-city was built • Farmers lived outside of the wall • If attacked, all men would form an army • Agora • Market for goods and food or assembly place

  13. Ancient Greece • Social Classes • Each city state had citizens with rights (adult males) • citizens without rights (women and children) • non-citizens (slaves and foreigners) • All citizens felt that they were apart of their city more than that they were Greek

  14. Ancient Greece • Colonization • In order to make more money from trade, city-states established colonies all over the Mediterranean • Byzantium-Constantinople-Istanbul, Turkey; Marseilles, France; and Naples, Italy are examples of Greek colonies • Colonies sent back raw materials

  15. Ancient Greece • Egypt, S. Italy, S. France, E. Spain, SW Spain, Cyprus, S. Turkey and Syria, and the coasts of the Black Sea • Also along the Hellespont and Bosporus • One of these cities on the Bosporus was called Byzantium

  16. Ancient Greece • Military • Cavalry • Hoplites • Shield, spear, and short sword • Phalanx – rectangular formation that used their shields together for protection

  17. Ancient Greece • Democracy • Government by the people, or rule of the many • Oligarchy • Rule by a few power leaders

  18. Sparta The Art of War

  19. Ancient Greece • Sparta • Conquered and enslaved the kingdoms of Laconia and Messenia • Enslaved people were called the helots (captured)

  20. Ancient Greece • Military State • Males learned tactics from childhood • Entered the military at age 20 • Lived within the barracks until the age of 30 and stayed in the military until age 60 • Ate “black soup,” boiled in blood, salt, and vinegar

  21. Ancient Greece • Women • Stayed at home • Expected to exercise and stay fit to have kids

  22. Ancient Greece • Government • Two kings • Five Ephors • Educated the children • Kept law

  23. Ancient Greece • Council of Elders • The two kings and 28 men over the age of 60 • Did not debate on any issue, only voted • Assembly • All male age 30+

  24. Ancient Greece • Culture • Little is known about the culture of Sparta • Art is war

  25. Athens Birthplace of Democracy

  26. Ancient Greece • Athens • On the peninsula of Attica • Its port city was Piraeus • At first was an insignificant city-state

  27. Ancient Greece • Aristocratic Rule • Government • At first ruled by aristocrats • Rich men who owned a lot of land • Commoners had little say • Rebels rose up and Draco put into law harsh punishments for minor crimes

  28. Ancient Greece • Reforms • Solon – put into law less harsh crimes and gave rights and citizenship to all free men • Even cancelled all debts, but did not help • Pisistratus – a tyrant (good tyrant) overthrew the aristocracy, gave land and loans to poor, which allowed for increase in olive production, olive oil made Athens rich and powerful

  29. Ancient Greece • Peisistratus’ son (bad tyrant) was harsh • Cleisthenes • Tried to overthrow Peisistratus’ son (his nephew), failed, was banished • The people rebelled and made Cleisthenes tyrant

  30. Ancient Greece • Athenian Democracy • But to let the people keep power, he made the Pnyx, a place near the acropolis just for meeting to make decisions • Free male citizens passed laws by voting with a show of hands or secret ballot after free and open debate and speeches • Cleisthenes is called the Father of Democracy

  31. Ancient Greece • Pericles • Led Athens for 30 years during the height of their democracy • End of Democracy • The Macedonians invaded Greece and put Athens under a dictatorship

  32. Ancient Greece • Modern Democracy • Direct Democracy • Every person gets a vote on every issue • Only works for small bodies • No country is a direct democracy • Small local governments can be

  33. Ancient Greece • Representative Democracy • Every person gets a vote to choose a person to vote on every issue for them • Parliaments and Republics are considered representative democracies

  34. Greek Mythology Gods and Heroes

  35. Ancient Greece • Mythology • Mythology- a body of stories about gods and heroes that try to explain how the world works • Polytheistic- multiple gods

  36. Ancient Greece • Pantheon of Greek gods • Zeus, king of the gods • Hera, queen of the gods • Poseidon, god of the sea • Hades, god of the underworld

  37. Ancient Greece • Demeter, goddess of agriculture • Hestia, goddess of the hearth • Athena, goddess of wisdom • Apollo, god of the sun • Artemis, goddess of the moon

  38. Ancient Greece • Ares, god for war • Aphrodite, goddess of love • Hephaestus, god of fire/metalworking • Dionysus, god of celebration • Hermes, the messenger god

  39. Ancient Greece • Greeks used the gods to explain natural scientific events they didn’t understand • Winter was caused by a depressed Demeter not allowing plants to grow • Volcanoes were Hephaestus’ forge

  40. Ancient Greece • Heroes were also mythological • Each city-state had a hero which had some power given by a god or were part-god (demi-god) • Theseus (Athens) defeated the Cretan Minotaur so Athenians wouldn’t have to send loved ones to die

  41. Ancient Greece • Jason and the Argonauts (N. Greece) sailed in search of treasure, fighting monsters and enemies • Hercules (all of Greece) killed a hydra (poisonous snake with nine heads) that grew two heads when one was cut off • Killed it by burning the neck of each head removed

  42. Greek literature Homer and Aesop

  43. Ancient Greece • Literature • Homer • Wrote 12 or 13 epic poems, only 2 remain • Iliad (i-l-i-a-d) • Last years of the Trojan War • Focuses on Achilles, the greatest Greek warrior

  44. Ancient Greece • Describes the battles and the destruction of the city of Troy (Trojan Horse) • Odyssey • Odysseus, returning from the Trojan War, upset Poseidon and it took him 10 years to return • Faced many obstacles placed by Poseidon

  45. Ancient Greece • Literature • Aesop • Wrote fables, stories that teach a moral lesson or give advice • Used animals that talked and acted like humans as the main characters • “The Tortoise and the Hare” • “Boy Who Cried Wolf”

  46. The Ants and the Grasshopper • “The ants were spending a fine winter’s day drying grain collected in the summertime. A Grasshopper, [dying] of [hunger], passed by and begged for a little food.

  47. The Ants and the Grasshopper • The Ants asked him, “Why did you not treasure up food for yourself during the summer?” He replied, “I had not leisure enough. I passed the days singing.”

  48. The Ants and the Grasshopper • They then said disgusted, “If you were foolish enough to sing all the summer, you must dance supper-less to bed in the winter.”

More Related