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Fuel Cells

Fuel Cells. Kendra Lena FYSM Science and the Consumer Dr. Moyer. What are fuel cells?. Devices that generate electricity from chemical reactions The reactions take place between electrodes Catalyst Electrolyte 5 Types

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Fuel Cells

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  1. Fuel Cells Kendra Lena FYSM Science and the Consumer Dr. Moyer

  2. What are fuel cells? • Devices that generate electricity from chemical reactions • The reactions take place between electrodes • Catalyst • Electrolyte • 5 Types • Alkali, Molten Carbonate (MCFC), Phosphoric Acid (PAFC), Proton Exchanging Membrane (PEM), Solid Oxide (SOFC)

  3. How do they work? http://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/fcv_PEM.shtml

  4. Background Information http://www.fuelcelltoday.com/about-fuel-cells/history

  5. Science and Technology • Transportation Power • Cars, vans, trucks, busses, trains, trams, ferries, small boats, small aircraft • Portable Power • Military applications, small personal electronics, large personal electronics • Stationary Power • Replace power grids

  6. Advantages • Higher efficiency • Silently operate • Less pollution • Lessens dependency on foreign oil • Hydrogen is accessible • Military benefits

  7. Advantages • Longer operation time • Easy maintenance • No “memory effect” when getting fueled

  8. Disadvantages • Expensive • Difficulty transporting hydrogen • Large in size • Lack of current infrastructure

  9. Economics • Fuel Cell Cost Migration Path • Currently more than $4,000 per kW • Platinum currently $44.34 per gram

  10. Government • Hydrogen Fuel Initiative • 2003 • President Bush • $1.2 Billion for research to develop clean, hydrogen fueled automobiles • Less dependency on foreign oil • Attempt for large numbers of Americans to use hydrogen fuel cell vehicles by 2020

  11. Government • Hydrogen Fuel Initiative • "A simple chemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen generates energy, which can be used to power a car producing only water, not exhaust fumes. With a new national commitment, our scientists and engineers will overcome obstacles to taking these cars from laboratory to showroom so that the first car driven by a child born today could be powered by hydrogen, and pollution-free. Join me in this important innovation to make our air significantly cleaner, and our country much less dependent on foreign sources of energy.” - President Bush, State of the Union Address, January 28, 2003.

  12. Social • Less dependence on oil • Less pollution • Less dependence on foreign countries • Fuel Cell Vehicles for future • Basis of future automobile constructional design changes

  13. Future • Fuel Cell Vehicles (FCVs) • Pure hydrogen (liquid or gas) • Fuel cell stack • PEMFC current most studied fuel cell type • Problems • Complicated hydrogen storage (high costs, large volume) • No transportation oriented distribution options • Advantages • High electric efficiency • Zero emissions using hydrogen • Mechanical simplicity (less noise, less maintenance)

  14. http://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/fuelcell.shtml http://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/fuelcell.shtml

  15. Future • Honda FCX Clarity • Emits only water vapor • Propelled by electricity • Generated by hydrogen fuel • http://automobiles.honda.com/fcx-clarity/ • BMW 7 Series Large Sedan • Currently in trials of a new 6.0 Liter V12 gasoline hydrogen powered model of the 7 series

  16. Future ftp://ftp.jrc.es/pub/EURdoc/eur20681en.pdf

  17. FAQs • How large would fuel cells be in homes? • 5kW, size of a washing machine • When will we see common usage of FCVs? • Many manufacturers are set to commercially develop fuel cell vehicles in 2015 • Who are the world leaders in fuel cell research? • The US, Japan, and Germany are ahead in worldwide fuel cell infrastructure and development • What type of infrastructure is necessary for FCVs? • California: 68 stations statewide needed for hydrogen refueling

  18. Works Cited • http://www.hydrogen.energy.gov/annual_progress12_fuelcells.html • http://americanhistory.si.edu/fuelcells/intro.htm • http://www.engsoc.org/~bbarnes/temp/societal_impacts_fuel_cell.pdf • http://environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/global-warming/fuel-cell-profile/ • http://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/fcv_PEM.shtml • http://www.fuelcelltoday.com/about-fuel-cells/history • http://www.altenergy.org/renewables/fuel_cells.html • http://www.nfcrc.uci.edu/2/FUEL_CELL_INFORMATION/FCexplained/challenges.aspx • http://www.nfcrc.uci.edu/2/FUEL_CELL_INFORMATION/FCexplained/migpath.aspx • http://automobiles.honda.com/fcx-clarity/ • http://www.green-technology.org/green_technology_magazine/index.php?cID=134 • http://climate.nasa.gov/effects

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