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History of Public Health and Warfare

History of Public Health and Warfare. Module 1. But First. johnrindy@hotmail.com www.ysuwmd.com Go to course homepage. Early Unconventional War. 431-404 B.C. Peloponnesian War -Pitch – Greeks and Spartans 4 th Century B.C.Mining Sieges Deterred

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History of Public Health and Warfare

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  1. History of Public Health and Warfare Module 1

  2. But First • johnrindy@hotmail.com • www.ysuwmd.com • Go to course homepage

  3. Early Unconventional War • 431-404 B.C. Peloponnesian War -Pitch – Greeks and Spartans • 4th Century B.C.Mining Sieges Deterred • 189 B.C. Greeks Used Smoke Against Tunneling

  4. Incendiaries • 360 B.C. Greeks May Have Used Oils • Arabs May Have Distilled Naphtha From Crude 6th Century B.C. • Early Napalm – Wax or Quicklime Added • Quicklime Causes Spontaneous Combustion

  5. Incendiaries • Gun Powder – 1250 A.D. • Potassium nitrate, 3 • Wood charcoal, powdered, 2 • Sulfur, powdered, 0.5 • Alcohol, 10 • Water 3

  6. Transition of Epidemiology • <1875 Age of Pestilence • 1875-1930 Age of Receding Pandemics • >1930 Age of Degenerative Diseases

  7. <1830 Many human factors affected including fertility, adult and infant mortality, immunity, sanitation. Theological roots of disease.

  8. Theological Perspective “Disease attacked the dirty, the improvident, the intemperate, the ignorant; the clean, the pious and the virtuous, on the other hand, tended to escape.” Elizabeth Fee, Ph.D. Principles of Public Health Practice 2nd Edition

  9. Ignas Semmelweis As early as the 1840’s Ignas Semmelweis showed that handwashing could help prevent Purpureal Fever in newborns.

  10. First Attempts at Public Health • Where US intersected the world • Yellow Fever – 1793 • Ships – Quarantined -40 days • First Regulated Area • Putrefactive fermentation • Graveyards, tanneries, tallow makers • Sugar boilers, slaughterhouses

  11. Yellow Fever Cholera Tuberculosis Smallpox Typhus Dysentery Diptheria Typhoid Fever Measles Influenza Malaria Scarlet Fever Black Death What Were the Diseases?

  12. 1875-1930 • Sanitary Awakening • Germ Theory • Public Health Pinnacle

  13. Louis Pasteur • Rules Out Spontaneous Generation • Broth Studies • Cleaned Up the Hospitals • Worked on Rabies and Anthrax Vaccines

  14. First Attempts at Control • 1864 – Citizens Assoc – NYC • Dr. Ezra Pulling mapped outbreaks • Lemuel Shattuck • Said we should track vital statictics • Report of Sanitary Commission • 1857-1860 – First Quarantine/Sanitary Conventions

  15. The Public Health System • 1872 – Formation of the APHA • Doctors and Lawyers Welcome • State Boards of Health • MA, CA, DC, VA, MN, MD and AL • Not Much Power

  16. The Public Health System • The Marine Hospital Service (1789) • 1879 Yellow Fever Epidemic (Natl Board) • States Rights Issues + Profit • 1883 Power To MHS • 1912 - USPHS

  17. Industrial Revolution • Gives Rise to New Industry • U.S. and Germany Large Industries • Rise of Chemical Industry

  18. Most Notable in Chemistry • Advent of Organic Chemistry • Synthesis and Polymerization • Haber Cycle (Haber Reaction) • Other Elements’ Importance • S, N, P, Halogens and Metals

  19. Reminders • No Class on Monday • Read Module 1 Homepage • Read Chapters + On-Line Links • Attend the Michael Mair On-Line Session • Questions Due by 11:00PM Thurs • Click Student Tab on Homepage

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