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Measuring and building models of behavior

Measuring and building models of behavior. Monique Hendriks Philips Research, Eindhoven David A. Asch University of Pennsylvania US Department of Veterans Affairs. Fundamental goals of models of behavior.

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Measuring and building models of behavior

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  1. Measuring and building models of behavior Monique Hendriks Philips Research, Eindhoven David A. Asch University of Pennsylvania US Department of Veterans Affairs

  2. Fundamental goals of models of behavior • The reason to develop models of behavior is to understand how to change behavior in order to improve outcomes. • Keeping this goal in sight provides priority to our efforts. • We should give more attention to determinants of behavior change. • We should give more attention to determinants of behavior change that seem feasible. • We should give more attention to determinants of behavior change that seem feasible and relevant to outcomes we care about.

  3. Behavior change in real life is what is important • Behavior change in real life is likely to be different from behavior change in laboratory settings. • In laboratory settings, participants have to provide consent and must agree to all sorts of unusual regulatory and monitoring activities. • Although randomized trials provide excellent internal validity, these consent processes and the often artificial settings substantially reduce external validity or generalizability. • Threats to behavior change that arise from real world issues may not arise in laboratory settings.

  4. Internal validity competes with external validity • Trials limit generalizability because they select on: • The motivation to participate in an experiment • The willingness to tolerate intrusive monitoring • The artificialness of short time-defined trial • Each of these selects for more motivated participants and also provides these participants with a time limited exposure. • These challenges are more important in behavior change research than in drug trials.

  5. Adherence to drug therapy is associated with reduced mortality Odds Ratios for Mortality with 95% CI Simpson, et al. A meta analysis of the association between adherence to drug therapy and mortality. BMJ. 2006.

  6. Adherence to placebo is associated with reduced mortality Odds Ratios for Mortality with 95% CI • Every one of these results refers to those participants in the placebo group, not the group that received the active drug. • Because these effects are seen with placebo use, they suggest that good adherence is a marker for otherwise unmeasured healthy behaviors. • Adherence to placebo doesn’t cause good health. It reflects good health behaviors.

  7. Intrusiveness versus accuracy • The measurement of behavior can also introduce selection. • Accurate measures are often intrusive. • Seamless measurement or unnoticed measurement is the ideal. • There are biometric and human subject protection challenges to this ideal.

  8. Organizing questions • How do we determine what influences behavior change in real world settings? • How do we measure meaningful behavior change so that the measurement is not the selecting or influencing effect (unless we want it to be)? • How do we create the “quantified self” for those who would otherwise not plan to be quantified?

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