Economic Geography: An Introduction

1. Economic Geography: An Introduction Lecture 1 Based on Stutz – Chap 1 Envs 342 Geography & Econ Geog Definition

2. Define Geography Focusing on Human Geography What do Geographers do Discuss application of Geography to the World Subfield of Economic Geography Discuss major Paradigms for understanding our world Objectives Geography & Econ Geog Definition

3. Definition of Human Geography Simple definition: Geography is a discipline concerned with: Why things are located where they are. Stutz and Warf Geography & Econ Geog Definition

4. Expansion on this – Human Geography Is a SCIENCE that deals with: • PATTERNS -- Where things are and are arranged • PROCESSES -- Why/How things have come to be at a location • IMPACT -- on and between the societies and/or environment Across the LANDSCAPE James Rubenstein Geography & Econ Geog Definition

5. Two Tips for Learning How to remember things How to define things Geography & Econ Geog Definition

6. The skill of remembering Listen to 28.40-30:00 31:30-39:50 http://www.americanradioworks.org/documentaries/the-science-of-smart/ Geography & Econ Geog Definition

7. Definition Building Divide text or powerpoint material into bullets Rank them by order of importance Translate these points into sentence(s) using your own words. Insert examples in the definition

8. Key Concepts or main bullet points for building a definition Scientific approach Pattern (Where, When, What) Process (How, Why) Impact Emphasizes Space Geography & Econ Geog Definition

9. Five Fundamental themes of Human Geography Geography & Econ Geog Definition

10. The Five Fundamental Themes of Human Geography identify the core of geography as a discipline. 1-LOCATION : Position on the Earth's Surface.2-PLACE : Physical and Human Characteristics 3-RELATIONSHIPS WITHIN PLACES : Humans and Environment.4-MOVEMENT (relationships between places): Humans Interacting on the Earth.5-REGIONS : How they form and Change.6. Time Geography & Econ Geog Definition

11. 1. Location : Position on the Earth's Surface. • Absolute– usually based on coordinate systems • Example: Bellingham is at ____ lat ____ long • Relative– relative to other entities • Adjacent to resources • On a network with other places • Example – Bellingham is located between the Cities of Vancouver and Seattle Geography & Econ Geog Definition

12. PLACE : Physical and Human Characteristics of/at a locationSITE • Give Meaning and distinction • Physical characteristics derive from the geological, hydrological, atmospheric, and biological processes that produce land forms, water bodies, climate, soils, natural vegetation, and animal life Geography & Econ Geog Definition

13. 2. PLACE • Example -- Bellingham Some Physical Characteristics • Geological – in the Fraser Lowland & Chuckanut Highlands • Hydrological – drained by Whatcom Creek and fed by Lake Whatcom • Water bodies – between Lake Whatcom (east) & Bellingham Bay (west) • Climate - mild, maritime climate with temperatures ranging from 45 to 60 degrees in spring and fall, 30 to 50 degrees in winter… • Etc… Geography & Econ Geog Definition

14. Geography & Econ Geog Definition

15. 2. PLACE : Physical and Human Characteristics • Human Characteristics • Places differ in their population size and density, settlement patterns, architecture, kinds of economic and recreational activities, transportation, communication networks, culture, language, ideology, philosophy… Geography & Econ Geog Definition

16. 2. PLACE • Example -- Bellingham Some Human Characteristics • Population – 71289 (est 2003) • Largest Employer – Western Washington University • “City of subdued excitement” • Etc… Geography & Econ Geog Definition

17. 2. PLACE Metropolitan Area Residents 1980: 107,000 1990: 127,780 2000: 166,814 Percent change, 1990–2000: 30.5% U.S. rank in 2000: 185th City Residents 1980: 45,794 1990: 52,179 2000: 67,171 2003 estimate: 71,289 Percent change, 1990–2000: 28.7% U.S. rank in 1980: 466th U.S. rank in 1990: 477th (State rank: 9th) U.S. rank in 2000: 461st (State rank: 10th) Density: 2,619.3 people per square mile (2000) Racial and ethnic characteristics (2000) White: 59,031 Black or African American: 655 American Indian and Alaska Native: 997 Asian: 2,853 Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander: 116 Hispanic or Latino (may be of any race): 3,111 Other: 1,450 • Example -- Bellingham Some Human - Demographic Characteristics Geography & Econ Geog Definition

18. 3a. RELATIONSHIPS WITHIN PLACES : Humans and Environment. • All places on earth have advantages and disadvantages for human settlement. • Name some for the PacNW in regards to the Environment Geography & Econ Geog Definition

19. 3b. RELATIONSHIPS WITHIN PLACES : Humans and Environment. • People modify and adapt to natural settings in ways that reveal their cultural values, economic and political circumstances, and technological abilities. • What happened with European arrival here • What about the Hong Kongese in Vancouver in the 1990s? Two views of North Slope AK Geography & Econ Geog Definition

20. Richmond BC Is this China or Canada? Geography & Econ Geog Definition

21. 3c. RELATIONSHIPS WITHIN PLACES : Humans and Environment. • The resulting human- environment relationships have consequences for people and for the environment • Produce a worldwide mosaic of patterns dependent upon culture and environment. • Each place has its distinctive patterns of human- environment relationships. Geography & Econ Geog Definition

22. 4-MOVEMENT/NETWORKS : Humans Interacting on the Earth.SITUATION • Human beings are unevenly distributed across the face of the earth. • People interact with each other through travel and communication Map of international phone-call traffic in 2005, from Telegeography. The map shows the disproportionate centrality of the USA in international telephone traffic. Geography & Econ Geog Definition

23. 4-MOVEMENT/NETWORKS : Humans Interacting on the Earth.SITUATION • The most visible evidences of global interdependence and the interaction are trade, transportation and communication systems that link the world World at night Geography & Econ Geog Definition

24. Emma Maersk, Wal-Mart gets its stuff from China with this ship

25. New Maersk Container Ship 18000 TEU Triple-E https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zMct-d68CM0 Geography & Econ Geog Definition

26. Details on Triple E Class50% decrease in CO2 Emissions https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=apuxHiIeQuU&feature=related Geography & Econ Geog Definition

27. the largest container vessel in the world http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UQ2lOw1NWgc&feature=related Geography & Econ Geog Definition

28. In Class Exercise Determine impact of transportation costs on a pair of Nikes. Geography & Econ Geog Definition

29. EMMA MAERSK - WORLD'S BIGGEST CONTAINER VESSEL @ OUR JEBELALI PORT,DUBAI. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=huWi35cP4kg Geography & Econ Geog Definition

30. Jebel Ali Port, Dubai http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PEv4fGDCliA&feature=related Geography & Econ Geog Definition

31. Singapore Port - World's Busiest Port http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lpRmF3iMq24&feature=related Geography & Econ Geog Definition

32. What can go wrong Geography & Econ Geog Definition http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3VkY17zzLEA

33. 4. Movement:Technological Change – Tesla Electric Semi https://electrek.co/2017/12/14/tesla-full-video-semi-roadster-unveiling-event/ Geography & Econ Geog Definition

34. 5a. REGIONS : How they form and Change. • The basic unit of geographic study is the region. • A region is any area that display unity in terms of a selected criteria. • Such as: political power, language, religion, environment, agricultural products, trade, perception… • A region is the same within itself, but different from surrounding area Geography & Econ Geog Definition

35. Regions Geography & Econ Geog Definition

36. Shale Oil Regions Geography & Econ Geog Definition

37. Three distinct trade regions for LNG (Liquified Natural Gas) Geography & Econ Geog Definition

38. Chinese Indurtrial Regions Geography & Econ Geog Definition

39. 5b. REGIONS : How they form and Change. • Region is an organizational concept used to: • examine, • define, • describe, • explain, • and analyze the human and natural environments of the earth. Geography & Econ Geog Definition

40. 5b. REGIONS : How they form and Change. • Economic Region forms based on favorable (1)Site and (2)Situation conditions at a (3)given time and (4)technology • Regions change as the four above conditions change Geography & Econ Geog Definition

41. Is Silicon Valley Migrating to China? NY Times Friday, January 8, 2010 Asian Computer Makers Move Into Riskier Ventures By ASHLEE VANCE Companies that once built devices to Silicon Valley’s specifications are now investing in start-ups so they can compete with their former customers. Click here to read more • Why might it move? Solicit class. • Lower labor costs? • New technological breakthroughs • Better capital markets Geography & Econ Geog Definition

42. How much to ship Nike Shoes InClassExercises (U:\Geo312-2011\InClass Exercises) What is an average price of Nike Shoes? How much does it cost to ship these shoes from China to Northern Europe? What percentage of the final cost goes to transportation? Second exercise apply 5 points to Southernization Geography & Econ Geog Definition

43. Economic Geography • Schools of thought • Note although these are introduced, • Stutz (and much of this course) only emphasizes the first school Geography & Econ Geog Definition

44. Economic Geography Main Schools of Thought • “Scientific” or Location Theory • Behavioral • Humanistic • Political – Structuralists, Marxists • Neo Structuralists Relationship Geography & Econ Geog Definition

45. Location Theorists • Rely on Quantitative data • Scientific Method • Neo Classical Economics • Hypothesize -- Individual as a Rational Maximizer (homo economicus) with full information • Some saw it as reducing things to Geometry on surface of earth • Majority of economic work falls into this area Geography & Econ Geog Definition

46. Behavioralists • Imperfect Information • Uncertainty • Sub Maximum behavior • Individual is seen as an Optimizer not Maximizer Geography & Econ Geog Definition

47. Optimizer vs Maximizer • Traditional Societies • Plant corn, beans, and squash all in same “hill” • Although they compete for nutrients and can “stunt” one another’s growth you optimize your efforts in that at least one might survive if others fail • American Farmers • Plant monoculture – one field one crop • Although failure can wipe them out, on average their economic return is maximum over time Geography & Econ Geog Definition

48. Humanistic Humanistic Geography • According to humanists, science should focus on creative, imaginative human beings, particularly the ordinary folk. • Whereas “spatial science” has a lack of interest in, and does not possess methods for understanding, individuals Geography & Econ Geog Definition

49. Humanistic The reliance on ‘homo economicus’ (a model that assumes rational decision-making based on economic costs/benefits) is untenable. Khan Academy https://www.khanacademy.org/partner-content/wi-phi/wiphi-metaphysics-epistemology/wiphi-epistemology/v/rationality Geography & Econ Geog Definition

50. Humanistic • Humanists believe that an assessment of one’s own presuppositions leads to a more realistic appraisal of others. • Look first to your own preconceptions Geography & Econ Geog Definition