Cells and Tissues

1. Cells and Tissues

2. Body Tissues • Cells are specialized for particular functions • Tissues • Groups of __________ with similar structure and function • Four primary types • _____________________________ • _____________________________ • _____________________________ • _____________________________

3. Body Tissues • Cells are specialized for particular functions • Tissues • Groups of cells with similar structure and function • Four primary types • Epithelium (E.T.) • Connective (C.T.) • Nervous • Muscle

4. Epithelial Tissues • Locations (Found on different surfaces) • Body Coverings • Body Linings • Glandular Tissue • Functions • Protection • Absorption • Filtration • Secretion

5. Epithelium Characteristics • Cells fit _____________ together • Tissue layer always has one free __________ (______________________) • The lower surface is bound by a __________ ______________ (_____________________) • Avascular (have ______________________) • nourishment received by ________________ ______________________________________ • Regenerate easily __ well _______________

6. Epithelium Characteristics • Cells fit closely together • Tissue layer always has one free surface (Apical Surface) • The lower surface is bound by a basement membrane (Anchors ET to CT) • Avascular (have no blood supply) • nourishment received by diffusion from blood supply in C.T. below it. • Regenerate easily IF well nourished

7. Classification of Epithelium • Number of cell layers • ______________ - • ______________ • ______________ - • ______________ ________________ Figure 3.17a

8. Classification of Epithelium • Number of cell layers • Simple - • One layer • Stratified - • More than one layer Figure 3.17a

9. Classification of Epithelium • Shape of cells • Squamous – _______________ • Cuboidal – _______________ • Columnar – _______________ Figure 3.17b

10. Classification of Epithelium • Shape of cells • Squamous – flattened • Cuboidal – cube-shaped • Columnar – column-like Figure 3.17b

11. Simple Epithelium • _________________ • Structure: • __________ layer of _______ cells. • Location: • Usually forms _______________: • Lines _______________________ • Lines _______________________ • Functions: • ________________ • Ex:____________________________ • ________________ • Ex:____________________________ Figure 3.18a

12. Simple Epithelium • Simple Squamous • Structure: • Single layer of flat cells. • Location: • Usually formsmembranes • Lines body cavities • Lines lungs & capillaries • Functions: • Diffusion/Osmosis • Ex gas exchange (lungs, blood vessels) • Filtration • Ex:blood vessels Figure 3.18a

13. Simple Epithelium • ___________________ • Structure: • _______ layer of _____ cells • Location: • Common in ________ and their _______ • Forms walls of ____________________ • Covers the ____________ • Functions: • _________________ • Ex:_________________________ • _________________ • Ex:_________________________ Figure 3.18b

14. Simple Epithelium • Simple Cuboidal • Structure: • Single layer of cube cells • Location: • Common in glands and their ducts • Forms walls of kidney tubules • Covers the ovaries • Functions: • Secretion • Ex: glands, kidney • Absorption • Ex:Kidney Figure 3.18b

15. Simple Epithelium • _____________________ • Structure: • ___________ layer of ______ cells • Often includes ___________ cells, which produce _________ • May have________________ to increase surface area. • Location: • Lines _______________________ • Lines _______________________ • Function: • _________________ • Ex:_______________________ • _________________ • Ex:__________________________________ Figure 3.18c

16. Simple Epithelium • Simple Columnar • Structure: • Single layer of tall cells • Often includes goblet cells, which produce mucus • May have microvilli to increase surface area. • Location: • Lines digestive tract • Lines uterus • Function: • Absorption • Exnutrients • Secretion • Ex: mucus, digestive fluids Figure 3.18c

17. Simple Epithelium • ____________________ • Structure • __________ layer • Appears as __________ layer • Some have ___________________ • Location • Line ________________________ • Line ________________________ • Function • ________________ • _____________________________ • _____________________________ Figure 3.18d

18. Simple Epithelium • Pseudostratified • Structure • Single layer • Appears as double layer • Some have cilia & goblet cells • Location • Line reproductive tubes • Line respiratory tract • Function • Absorption • Secretion (mucus) • Moving sex cells/ mucus Figure 3.18d

19. Stratified Epithelium • _________________________ • Structure: • ____________ layers • ______________________________ • Cells at the free edge are flattened • Locations • ___________ _____________ • ___________ _____________ • ___________ • Function • Found as a ______________________ where friction is common Figure 3.18e

20. Stratified Epithelium • Stratified Squamous • Structure: • Many layers • Flat & thin cells • Cells at the free edge are flattened • Locations • Skin Vagina • Mouth Anal Canal • Esophagus • Function • Found as a protective lining where friction is common Figure 3.18e

21. Stratified Epithelium • Stratified Squamous • ___________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ • ___________________________________ _____________________________________ • ___________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ • ___________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ • ___________________________________ _____________________________________. Figure 3.18e

22. Stratified Epithelium • Stratified Squamous • Cells in deeper layers receive nourishment by diffusion from blood supply in C.T. below. • So cells in those deeper layers are alive and reproduce • Older cells are pushed outward, don’t receive nourishment, and die. • These aged cells become keratinized – filled with keratin protein- and are on the epidermis. • Linings are not keratinized; stay moist. Figure 3.18e

23. Stratified Epithelium • ________________________ • ______ layers of ________________ cells • ________________________ • ________________ cells are columnar, cells underneath vary in _____ and _______ • Stratified cuboidal and columnar • _________ in human body • Found mainly in _____________________

24. Stratified Epithelium • Stratified Cuboidal • Two layers of cuboidal cells • Statified Columnar • Surface cells are columnar, cells underneath vary in size and shape • Stratified cuboidal and columnar • Rare in human body • Found mainly in ducts of large glands

25. Stratified Epithelium • _____________________ • Structure: • __________ cells-shape of cells depends upon the amount of _________________ • __________layers when contracted • __________layers when distended • Location: • Lines organs of the _________________ • Ex: ____________________________ • Function: • _______________________________ • _______________________________ Figure 3.18f

26. Stratified Epithelium • Transitional Epithelium • Structure: • Cuboidal cells-shape of cells depends upon the amount of stretching • Several layers when contracted • Fewer layers when distended • Location: • Lines organs of the urinary system • Ex: bladder & tract • Function: • Distensibility (expands to hold urine) • Protection (barrier to urine diffusion) Figure 3.18f

27. Glandular Epithelium • Gland – ______________________________ ______________________________________ • Two major gland types • Endocrine gland • Ductless • Secretions are hormones • Exocrine gland • Empty through ducts to the epithelial surface • Include sweat and oil glands

28. Glandular Epithelium • Gland – one or more cells that secrete a product • Two major gland types • Endocrine gland • Ductless • Secretions are hormones • Exocrine gland • Empty through ducts to the epithelial surface • Include sweat and oil glands