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Acids & Bases

Discover the properties of acids and bases, their naming rules, and how to identify them. Learn the differences in taste, litmus paper reactions, and neutralization process. Practice naming different acid forms for a better understanding.

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Acids & Bases

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  1. Acids & Bases Their Properties Naming Guidelines

  2. Properties of Acids • Taste sour • Itchy on skin, will burn if concentrated • Turns Blue litmus paper Red • Red litmus paper stays Red Neutralization: Acid + Base  Salt + Water Ex: Vinegar, Citrus Fruit

  3. What is an Acid? • Acid: a compound that makes hydrogen ions H+ (aq) when dissolved in water • i.e.: HCl (aq) → H+ (aq) + Cl-(aq) • Note: acids must be dissolved in water to produce H+ ions. Look for the (aq) which means aqueous to indicate the acid is dissolved in water • How to identify them: Hydrogen + a non-metal with the (aq) symbol

  4. Acids • A compound in which one or more H+ ions are bounded to a negative ion. • To name an acid, you first need to break the compound into the cation and the anion. • The anion is used to name the acids. • HF  H+ + F- • HBr H + Br- • H2S  2H+ + S2- • HNO3 H+ + NO3- • H2SO4 2H+ + SO42-

  5. Naming Acids Binary Acids (Acids with a Non-Metal): • Contain “H” and one non-metal. To Name: Hydro + second element name + ic + Acid Ex: HCl = Hydro + chlorine + ic Acid Hydrochloric Acid HF = H + + F-Hydrofluoric Acid HBr = H+ Br-Hydrobromic Acid H2S = 2H+ + S2- Hydrosulfuric Acid

  6. Naming Acids (cont.) Ternary Acids ( Acids with a Polyatomic Ion) • Contain “H”, and a polyatomic ion, and end in “ate” To Name: Polyatomic Ion name + ic + Acid Ex: HNO3=Nitrate + ic + Acid H+ + NO3- Nitric Acid H2CO3 = Carbonate + ic + Acid 2H+ + CO32-Carbonic Acid

  7. Naming Acids (cont.) Ternary Acids ( Acids with a Polyatomic Ion) • Contain “H”, and a polyatomic ion, and end in “ite” To Name: Polyatomic Ion+ ous + Acid Ex: HNO2 = Nitrite + ous + Acid H+ and NO2- Nitrous Acid HCrO2 = Chromite + ous + Acid H+ and CrO2- Chromous Acid

  8. Mnemonic • If the anion ends in …... Then change it to...... • My ride has hydraulics. • I ate something icky. • Sprite tastes delicious.

  9. Naming Acids (Exceptions) • There are some acids that are exceptions: Exceptions: H3PO4 phosphate phosphoric acid H3PO3phosphite phosphorous H2SO4 sulfate sulfuric acid H2SO3 sulfite sulfurous

  10. Naming Acids Using “per” and “hypo” • They don’t start with the element name. HMnO4 H+ and MnO4- permanganate Permanganic Acid HClO H+ and ClO4- hypochlorite Hypochlorous Acid

  11. Properties of Bases • Taste Bitter • Feel Slippery • Turns Red litmus paper Blue • Blue litmus paper stays Blue • Reacts with Acid in same neutralization Ex: Soap, Milk of Magnesia, Most Cleaners

  12. What is a Base? • Base: a compound that makes hydroxide ions OH-(aq)when dissolved in water • i.e. NaOH (aq) → Na+(aq) + OH-(aq) • How to identify them: Metal + hydroxide ion (OH) with the (aq) symbol

  13. Naming Bases • Name the metal first • Add Hydroxide Ex: NaOH = Sodium Hydroxide KOH = Potassium Hydroxide

  14. SUMMARY

  15. Practicing Naming Acids & Bases

  16. Practice Naming Acids & Bases

  17. Naming Various Acid Forms

  18. Naming Various Acid Forms (cont.)

  19. Naming Various Acid Forms (cont.)

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