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Method of Study for This Section. Read assigned readings of text Use text readings and the Dynamic Human CD-ROM to help review structure of bones, joints, and muscles as necessary. This is the purpose of labs
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Method of Study for This Section • Read assigned readings of text • Use text readings and the Dynamic Human CD-ROM to help review structure of bones, joints, and muscles as necessary. This is the purpose of labs • Complete labs conscientiously and study models of articulated skeleton, shoulder, spine, and knee • Lecture will only provide a selective review of structure, muscles & movements. Focus will be on muscular analysis of movements and exercises and movement-related issues, such as common injuries. • For exams, review lecture notes and understanding questions in both lecture and labs
Upper Extremity – Chapter 7 Shoulder Girdle Structure:
Shoulder Joint Stabilizers • Stabilizers and rotators - Rotator cuff muscles – (Fig 7-5) • Teres minor - external rotation • Infraspinatus - external rotation • Supraspinatus - abduction • Subscapularis - internal rotation
Shoulder Joint Primary Movers • Vector representation of muscle forces • Anterior movers – (Fig 7-13) Anterior deltoid, pectoralis major • Superior movers - middle deltoid (Fig 7-11) • Posterior movers - posterior deltoid (Fig 7-14) • Inferior movers - latissimus dorsi, teres major, lower pectoralis m. (Fig 7-10, 7-12)
Synergism of prime movers and rotator cuff muscles during arm abduction
Shoulder Joint Impingement Syndrome • What is it? Pain from shoulder area resulting from impingement of structures between humeral head, acromion, and coracromial arch. Three stages: • Stage I - edema and hemorrhage of subacromial structures • Stage II - tendon fibrosis and bursal thickening • Stage III - rotator cuff tears, biceps tendon ruptures, and bone spurs II: III: I:
Sh Jt Impingement (2) • Good website: MMG - Patient Education Impingement Syndrome • Causes • Primary impingement: • Repeated movements requiring elevated and/or medially rotated humerus, compounded by weak rotator cuff muscles, causing: impingement of long head of biceps, supraspinatus • Secondary Impingement: • Decreased volume of subacromial space due to glenohumeral joint instability, and perhaps joint capsular tightness • Structural abnormalities: • hooked or curved acromion, calcium deposits, bone spurs, thickened bursa, thickened ligaments
Shoulder Jt Impingement (3) • Treatment: • Related to the cause - may involve surgery, rotator cuff strengthening, and flexibility exercises. • Later, avoid humeral elevation and rotation movements.
Elbow and Wrist Joint Muscles • True Flexor - Brachialis • Flexor-Supinator - Biceps brachii • Extensor - Triceps brachii • Wrist flexors (medial epicondyle of humerus) • Flexor carpi ulnaris and flexor carpi radialis • Wrist extensors (lateral epicondyle of humerus) • Extensor carpi ulnaris & extensor carpi radialis KIN 330 Biomechanics
Muscles and Movements of Radioulnar Joint • Elbow Flexion - • Forearm Supination - Biceps Brachii • Forearm Pronation - Pronator Teres • Elbow Extension - • Forearm Supination - Supinator • Forearm Pronation -Pronator Quadratus • Epicondylitis • The most common cumulative trauma disorder (CTD), repetitive stress injury (RSI), repetitive motion disorder (RMD), or overuse syndrome (OS) is epicondylitis • Epicondylitis website: • MMG - Patient Education Cumulative Trauma Disorders TOC
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome • Background MMG - Patient Education Cumulative Trauma Disorders TOC Carpal tunnel includes median nerve and 9 flexor tendons ( 4 flex dig sup, 4 flex dig prof, 1 fl pol l)
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (cont’d) • Symptoms • Pain in wrist area, or referred proximally or distally • Tingling of thumb, fingers, or palmar side of hand • Loss of control of muscles affected by median nerve blockage • Causes • Enlargement of tissues within tunnel • Decreased size of tunnel • Extraneous tissue in tunnel • Treatment • Related to cause • Website for prevention of repetitive stress injury at computer workstations: CUergo: Neutral Posture Typing KIN 330 Biomechanics
Review Problems for Chapter 7 • Torque at shoulder with elbow flexed vs extended • Fig 7-15, 7-16 • Compressive force at shoulder jt • Fig 7-17, sample problem 1 • Elbow flexion force • Figure 7-26, sample problem 2 • Introductory problems, p 217: 5,6,8,9 • Additional problems, p 217-218: 5,10
Compressive force at shoulder joint
Elbow flexor tension and Joint compressive force