1 / 20

BIOFERTILIZERS

BIOFERTILIZERS. NITROGEN-FIXERS. Addition of Nitrogen to the soil Chemical fertilizers Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) Chemical fertilizers: Pollution & soil contamination So, Biofertilizers / “Microbial inoculants” 100% natural and organic .

chaeli
Download Presentation

BIOFERTILIZERS

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. BIOFERTILIZERS NITROGEN-FIXERS

  2. Addition of Nitrogen to the soil • Chemical fertilizers • Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) • Chemical fertilizers: Pollution & soil contamination • So, Biofertilizers / “Microbial inoculants” • 100% natural and organic

  3. A large population of a specific / group of beneficial microorganisms for enhancing the productivity of soil either • by fixing atmospheric nitrogen or by solubilising soil phosphorus or • by stimulating plant growth through synthesis of growth promoting substances. • Main sources: Bacteria, fungi & cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) • Symbiotic relationship with plants

  4. End product of the various phases of Biodigestion has humus in it.  • Pure Biofertilizer, and it can be • Used on soil as a high quality organic fertilizer • Used as a corrector of pH • Has a high nutrient concentration and can be used directly over soil before planting. • Diluted Biofertilizer.

  5. Soil microbes used in biofertilizers are: • Phosphate Solubilizing microbes, • Mycorrhizae, • Azospirillum, • Azotobacter, • Rhizobium, • Sesbania, • Blue Green Algae, and • Azolla.

  6. Phosphate-solubilizing Microbes: • Phosphorus, important nutrient for plants • Microbes that can solubilize the cheaper sources of P – as rock phosphate. • Bacteria – Pseudomonas striata & Bacillus megaterium • Fungi – Aspergillus & Penicillium

  7. By secretion of organic acids • Also, releases soluble Pi into soil through decomposition of phosphate-rich organic compounds. • Usually, microbes inoculated to coffee husk along with rock phosphate while preparing compost.

  8. Mycorrhizae • Refers to fungus associated with plant roots. • 2 types: • Ectotrophic and • Endotrophic

  9. Important for adequate uptake of immobile ions such as phosphate, zinc and micronutrients • Stimulates branching of the root • Increases the absorption surface of the root. • Tolerance to drought, high soil temperature, soil toxins, and extreme pH levels • Protection against root pathogens

  10. Azopirillum • Nitrogen-fixing bacteria that lives in a symbiotic relationship in the root cortex of several tropical crops • Stimulate plant growth through N2 fixation • Helps in production of growth substances like auxins, gibberellins and cytokinins. • 10-15% of the required N2 is met by Azospirillum biofertilizer.

  11. Azotobacter • Triple action • Free-living, N2-fixing bacteria • Produces several plant growth promoting substances. • Protects plants against pathogenic microbes either by discouraging their growth or by destroying them – BIOCONTROL.

  12. Rhizobia

  13. Gram negative, motile, non-sporulating rods. • Forms root nodules in leguminous plants (Fabaceae) & fix atmospheric N2 (diazotrophy) in a symbiotic association

  14. Legumes: Peas, beans, clover, and soy • Rhizobia enter a root hair and travel down a tube to a relatively anoxic centre of the root hair cell. • Here, proliferating plant cells form a nodule. • Bacteria differentiate into bacteroids • Fixes N2 from atmosphere into a plant usable form, ammonium (NH4+), utilising the enzyme nitrogenase • Plant supplies carbohydrates, proteins, sufficient O2, malate and succinate to bacteria

  15. Sesbania

  16. Sesbania • A genus from the family Fabaceae with some aquatic species • A green manure plant which forms both root and stem nodules in association with rhizobium and so, fixes more atmospheric N2 • Produce 10 times more nodules than other legumes • Have a very high capacity to fix atmospheric N2

  17. Grown & turned into the soil while still green to enrich soil N2 • Enriches concentration of Ca, P, S & micronutrients. • Notable species • Rattlebox (Sesbania drummondii), • Spiny Sesbania (Sesbania bispinosa), and • Sesbania grandiflora (an edible plant)

  18. Blue Green Algae • or Cyanobacteria • Can carry out both photosynthesis as well as N2 fixation • Algal flakes are grown & then broadcasted.

  19. Azolla

  20. Mosquito fern / Duckweed fern / Fairy moss / Water fern) • A genus of 7 species of aquatic ferns • A floating fern, harbouring a blue green algae in its leaf cavities. • Form a symbiotic relationship with the blue-green alga Anabaena azollae, that fixes atmospheric N2 • Can grow at great speed - doubling its biomass every 2-3 days • Then, harvested, dried and used as biofertilizer

More Related