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CELL PHYSIOLOGY (Neuron)

CELL PHYSIOLOGY (Neuron). ANATOMY OF A SYNAPSE (Synaptic Knob and Motor End Plate). CELL MEMBRANE. ACTION POTENTIAL. CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. Sensorimotor cortex Basal ganglia Cerebellum Brain stem Spinal cord Pyramidal tract Extrapyramidal tract. TYPES OF NEURONS.

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CELL PHYSIOLOGY (Neuron)

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  1. CELL PHYSIOLOGY (Neuron) IE 552

  2. ANATOMY OF A SYNAPSE(Synaptic Knob and Motor End Plate) IE 552

  3. CELL MEMBRANE IE 552

  4. ACTION POTENTIAL IE 552

  5. CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM • Sensorimotor cortex • Basal ganglia • Cerebellum • Brain stem • Spinal cord • Pyramidal tract • Extrapyramidal tract IE 552

  6. TYPES OF NEURONS IE 552

  7. SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM IE 552

  8. EXCITATION-CONTRACTION SEQUENCE #1 • AP moves down neuron • Release of ACH across synapse, receptor • Motor end plate P → muscle action P • SR releases Ca++ into filaments • Inhibits troponin • ATP split: ATP∙M → ADP∙Pi∙M • A M bonding: ADP∙Pi∙M → A-M∙ADP∙Pi IE 552

  9. EXCITATION-CONTRACTION SEQUENCE #2 • ATP split completely leaving bridge A-M∙ADP∙Pi → A-M + ADP + Pi • Break AM bond with fresh ATP A-M + ATP → A + M∙ATP • Myosin advances to next actin, repeat • Relaxation, Ca++ released from troponin • Ca++ back into SR using ATP IE 552

  10. MOTOR UNIT RECRUITMENT IE 552

  11. MOTOR UNIT CHARACTERISTICS IE 552

  12. TWITCH AND TETANUS IE 552

  13. LENGTH-TENSIONRELATIONSHIP (Active) IE 552

  14. LENGTH-TENSIONRELATIONSHIP (Passive) IE 552

  15. LENGTH-TENSIONRELATIONSHIP (Combined) IE 552

  16. VELOCITY-TENSION RELATIONSHIP • Concentric • Eccentric • Isometric • ↓ bonding • Damping • Peak power = ⅓ vmax IE 552

  17. TYPES OF CONTRACTIONS • Static (Isometric) = constant muscle length • Dynamic = muscle length changes • Concentric = muscle shortens • Eccentric = muscle lengthens • Isotonic = constant external force • Isokinetic = constant velocity • Isoinertial = constant acceleration IE 552

  18. QUICK RELEASE EXPERIMENTS(#1 - Defines Active State) IE 552

  19. QUICK RELEASE EXPERIMENTS(#2 – Series Elastic Component) IE 552

  20. HILL’S 4-ELEMENT MODEL IE 552

  21. ENDURANCE CURVES • Voluntary hold • Static contraction • Occlusion of blood flow • Rapid fatigue • T = 1236 - 72.5 (%MVC-15)0.618 IE 552

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