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Consciousness

Consciousness. Ongoing awareness of our own thoughts, sensation, feelings, and existence Normal consciousness Altered states of consciousness (ASC). Stage 1. Very light sleep Alpha waves are replaced with random activity Hypnogogic images may appear. Alert:. Relaxed:. Stage 1:. Stage 2.

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Consciousness

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  1. Consciousness Ongoing awareness of our own thoughts, sensation, feelings, and existence • Normal consciousness • Altered states of consciousness (ASC)

  2. Stage 1 • Very light sleep • Alpha waves are replaced with random activity • Hypnogogic images may appear Alert: Relaxed: Stage 1:

  3. Stage 2 • Sleep is deeper. Stage 2: • Spindles appear in EEG

  4. Stage 3 • Sleep is deeper yet. Stage 3: • Spindles disappear, delta waves appear

  5. Stage 4 • Very deep sleep Stage 4: • Continuous delta waves • Children produce growth hormone primarily in stages 3 & 4

  6. REM Sleep • Rapid eye movements • EEG resembles waking pattern • Dreaming occurs

  7. Sleep Cycles Awake Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Hour of sleep

  8. Sleep Disturbances • Sleep Walking • Nightmares/Night Terrors • Sleep Talking • Narcolepsy • Sleep Apnea • Insomnia • SIDS • REM Behavior Disorder

  9. Dreaming • What triggers particular dreams? • Why do we dream? • Manifest content • Latent content • Activation-synthesis hypothesis

  10. Controlling Consciousness • Meditation • Hypnosis

  11. The Bottom Line Hypnosis may be no different from other forms of suggestion (but it makes great theater!)

  12. Drugs and Alcohol: Substance Use and Abuse • Substance abuse • Tolerance • Withdrawal symptoms

  13. The Seven Symptoms of Substance Dependence • Tolerance • Withdrawal • Larger amounts of substance taken over a longer period of time than intended • Unsuccessful efforts or a persistent desire to decrease or control the substance use

  14. The Seven Symptoms of Substance Dependence 5. A lot of time spent in obtaining the substance, using it, or recovering from its effects 6. Important work, social, or recreational activities are given up as a result of the substance 7. Despite knowledge of recurrent or ongoing physical or psychological problems caused or exacerbated by the substance, substance use continues

  15. Depressants: Focus on Alcohol • Physiological effects of alcohol • Disinhibition • Psychological effects of alcohol • Inhibitory conflict • Alcohol myopia

  16. Depressants: Focus on Alcohol • Chronic abuse • Blackouts • Korsakoff’s syndrome • Other depressants • Barbiturates

  17. Stimulants: Focus on Cocaine • Crack • Other stimulants • Amphetamines • Caffeine • Nicotine

  18. Action of Amphetamines on Neurotransmitters

  19. Narcotic Analgesics: Focus on Heroin • Narcotic analgesics • Heroin, morphine, codeine, Percodan, Demerol • Opiates

  20. Hallucinogens: Focus on LSD • Hallucinogens • Mescaline, peyote, psilocybin, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), phencydlidine (PCP), Ketamine, marijuana • A creativity boost? • Flashbacks

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