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Hot Gas and Outflows of Nearby Normal Galaxies

Hot Gas and Outflows of Nearby Normal Galaxies. Q. Daniel Wang (UMass). Most of present galaxies are not nuclear starbursters Phenomena that would be otherwise overwhelmed Disk/halo interaction Bulge wind driven by Type Ia SNe Accretion from the IGM

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Hot Gas and Outflows of Nearby Normal Galaxies

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  1. Hot Gas and Outflows of Nearby Normal Galaxies Q. Daniel Wang (UMass) • Most of present galaxies are not nuclear starbursters • Phenomena that would be otherwise overwhelmed • Disk/halo interaction • Bulge wind driven by Type Ia SNe • Accretion from the IGM Subtle, but enduring  strongly affect the evolution of galaxies

  2. ROSAT all-sky survey (3/4-keV band)

  3. Absorption Sight Lines AGN X-ray binary Yao & Wang 2005 Wang et al. 2005 No detection

  4. OVII OVIII Ne IX Ne VIII OVI Ne IX Ionization fraction Assuming CIE and solar abundances

  5. Ne IX K absorption lines in LMXB spectra Also detection of OVII K, K,and OVIII K lines Mean T ~ 106.3+/-0.2 K nH~3.4x10-3 cm-3 (assuming filling factor =1)

  6. Hot gas disk model nH = 5.0(-1.8,+2.6)x10-3 cm-3exp[-|z|/1.2(-0.5,+0.7) kpc] Total NH~1.6 x1019 cm-2 X-ray absorption is primarily around the Galactic disk within a few kpc!

  7. MRK 421

  8. 3C 273 Mkn 421 Differential X-ray absorption line spectroscopy LETG/HRC LETG/ACIS • Depth: • NH =n d • =(3-11) x1019 cm-2 • n2 d ~ 2x10-2 cm-6 pc • d ~ 5 kpc • Doppler broadening: • b=31-46 km/s • for Mrk 421 • b=120 (80-204) km/s • for 3C 273 Wang & Yao 2005

  9. Summary: Galactic hot gas disk • Vertical scale ~ 1-3 kpc • Mean temperature ~ 106.2 K • density ~ 3 x 10-3 cm-3 • Metal abundance ~ solar

  10. NGC 3556: optical vs. X-ray Red – optical Green – 0.3-1.5 keV band Blue – 1.5-7 keV band

  11. NGC 3556: radio vs. X-ray Wang et al. 2003

  12. Wang (2004) Red – optical Green – 0.3-1.5 keV band Blue – 1.5-7 keV band Sb galaxy NGC 4565 Very low specific SFR No sign for any outflows from the disk in radio and optical William McLaughlin (ARGO Cooperative Observatory)

  13. No correlation with radio! • Lx ~ 3 x 1039 erg/s

  14. NGC 4594: X-ray vs. optical ACIS-S 0.3-1.5 keV intensity contours H ring Diffuse 0.3-1.5 keV intensity contours

  15. NGC 4631 NGC 4594:X-ray spectra Point source disk Outer bulge • Average T ~ 6 x 106 K • Slight softening in the disk and in the outer bulge • Strong Fe –L complex • Lx ~ 4 x 1039 erg/s Inner bulge

  16. Missing stellar feedback in early-type disk galaxies • For NGC 4594, hot gas radiative cooling rate ~ 2% of LSN ~ 2.4 x 1041 ergs/s from Type Ia SNe alone • Not much cool gas to hide or convert the SN energy • Mass and metals are also missing! • Mass input rate of evolved stars ~ 1.3 Msun/yr • Each Type Ia SN  0.7 Msun Fe Gone with the wind!

  17. Bulge wind model • Spherical, steady, and adiabatic • NFW Dark matter halo + stellar bulge • Energy and mass input follows the stellar light distribution • CIE plasma emission • Implemented in XSPEC for both projected spectral and radial surface brightness analyses Li & Wang 2004

  18. Data vs model Consistent with the expected total mass loss and SN rates as well as the Fe abundance of ~ 4 x solar!

  19. The best-fit model density and temperature profiles of the bulge wind

  20. Outflow-inflow interaction NGC 3379: ram-pressure confined galactic wind?

  21. Conclusion • At least two components of diffuse hot gas: • Disk – driven by massive star formation • Bulge – heated primarily by Type-Ia SNe • There is so far little evidence for X-ray emission or absorption from IGM accretion halos. But there are indications from the interaction with other gaseous components.

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