Liturgical Ministers

1. Workshop 6 Liturgical Ministers

2. The celebration of Mass involves the action of Christ and the People of God; it is the center of Christian life and has both universal and individual aspects (Catechism of the Catholic Church 1110-1187) • “The Eucharist is the source and summit of Christian life.” (CCC 1324) • “As often as the commemoration of this sacrifice is celebrated, the work of our redemption is carried out.” Leonine The significance of the Mass

3. Notions of Worship and Sacrifice in the Old Testament • Examples: Melchizedek, King David codifies Israelite liturgy, King Solomon builds the Temple, Book of Leviticus Where were we?A Brief History of the Mass

4. Last Supper to 100 A.D. • The Institution of the Eucharist / Priesthood • The early ritual of the Eucharist • First Christians in Act, St. Paul’s letter to the Corinthians, St. Clement of Rome A Brief History of the Mass

5. From 100 A.D. to 611 A.D. • Homes, Halls, Basilicas • Formalization of Rituals (Didache, St. Justin Martyr, St. Ambrose, Pope St. Gregory the Great) • Development of Feasts A Brief History of the Mass

6. From 600 A.D. to 1850 A.D. • First Missal Developed • Concern for Rites (Tridentine Mass) • Some abuses are clarified by various councils (Council of Trent) A Brief History of the Mass

7. 1850 to Modern Day • Preparations for liturgical renewal • 1962 to the Second Vatican Council • Purpose: increase the fervor and energy of Catholics, to serve the needs of Christian people • The Mass: A balance between organic development and getting back to basics • Rediscovery of ancient sources, Mass in vernacular - Taken from The Changing Sacraments: Worshipping Wilma: Eucharist. A Brief History of the Mass

8. Today • Pulling in the reigns of the implementation of Vatican II • Pope John Paul- promulgates third edition of Roman Missal in 2000 • 2011- New English Translation of Mass to reflect original Latin text A Brief History of the Mass

9. Back to Basics • Expressing what we believe • Liturgical Theology • LEX ORANDI, LEX CREDENDI, LEX VIVENDI • The Church’s rule of prayer corresponds to her rule of belief • Example: “Lord for your faithful people life has changed, not ended” (Funeral liturgy) • Example: Actions of priest celebrant; In persona Christi, In Persona Ecclesiae Where are we now? Back to Basics

10. The GIRM; the structure of the Holy Sacrifice of the Mass http://www.usccb.org/liturgy/current/revmissalisromanien.shtml • The rubrics, ministers, etc. should convey what the Mass is through symbols, gestures, signs, etc. • “The gestures and posture of the priest, the deacon, and the ministers, as well as those of the people, ought to contribute to making the entire celebration resplendent with beauty and noble simplicity, so that the true and full meaning of the different parts of the celebration is evident and that the participation of all is fostered” (GIRM 42) • A beautifully ordered celebration allows true full, conscious, and active participation and provides countless spiritual fruits Where are we now? The General Instruction of the Roman Missal

11. Lectors/ Readers • Instituted vs. Appointed • Duties: • Introductory Rites194. In coming to the altar, when no deacon is present, the lector, wearing approved attire, may carry the Book of the Gospels, which is to be slightly elevated. In that case, the lector walks in front of the priest but otherwise along with the other ministers.195. Upon reaching the altar, the lector makes a profound bow with the others. If he is carrying the Book of the Gospels, he approaches the altar and places the Book of the Gospels upon it. Then the lector takes his own place in the sanctuary with the other ministers. Liturgical Ministers and the GIRM

12. Duties continued: • The Liturgy of the Word196. The lector reads from the ambo the readings that precede the Gospel. If there is no psalmist, the lector may also proclaim the responsorial Psalm after the first reading.197. When no deacon is present, the lector, after the introduction by the priest, may announce from the ambo the intentions of the Prayer of the Faithful.198. If there is no singing at the Entrance or at Communion and the antiphons in the Missal are not recited by the faithful, the lector may read them at the appropriate time (cf. above, nos. 48, 87). Liturgical Ministers and the GIRM

13. Extraordinary Ministers of Holy Communion • Ordinary vs. Extraordinary • Duties: • 162. The priest may be assisted in the distribution of Communion by other priests who happen to be present. If such priests are not present and there is a very large number of communicants, the priest may call upon extraordinary ministers to assist him, e.g., duly instituted acolytes or even other faithful who have been deputed for this purpose.97 In case of necessity, the priest may depute suitable faithful for this single occasion.98These ministers should not approach the altar before the priest has received Communion, and they are always to receive from the hands of the priest celebrant the vessel containing either species of the Most Holy Eucharist for distribution to the faithful. Liturgical Ministers and the GIRM

14. Duties continued: • 163. When the distribution of Communion is finished, the priest himself immediately and completely consumes at the altar any consecrated wine that happens to remain; as for any consecrated hosts that are left, he either consumes them at the altar or carries them to the place designated for the reservation of the Eucharist.Upon returning to the altar, the priest collects any fragments that may remain. Then, standing at the altar or at the credence table, he purifies the paten or ciborium over the chalice then purifies the chalice, saying quietly, Quod ore sumpsimus (Lord, may I receive), and dries the chalice with a purificator. If the vessels are purified at the altar, they are carried to the credence table by a minister. Nevertheless, it is also permitted, especially if there are several vessels to be purified, to leave them suitably covered on a corporal, either at the altar or at the credence table, and to purify them immediately after Mass following the dismissal of the people. Liturgical ministers and the Girm

15. The noble simplicity of the Roman Rite • A particular manifestation of this unity is found in the faithful’s uniformity in gesture and posture. (IG 96) Not only do gesture and posture manifest the dignity and simplicity and meaning of liturgical rites (42), they foster the common participation of all. Posture and gesture should never be seen, therefore, as a matter of “personal inclination or arbitrary choice” (42) by a common action which expresses and fosters the common spiritual dispositions of all who are present. (42) (The Theological Vision of SacrosanctumConcilium and the Roman Missal; http://www.usccb.org/romanmissal/resources-reflections.shtml) • IG = Instruction Generalis • The Roman Rite properly followed is noble simplicity! Crafting the art of liturgy

16. The “full, conscious, active participation” of the liturgical assembly. (SacrosanctumConcilium14) “Full participation certainly means that every member of the community has a part to play in the liturgy; and in this respect a great deal has been achieved in parishes and communities across your land. But full participation does not mean that everyone does everything, since this would lead to a clericalizing of the laity and a laicizing of the priesthood; and this was not what the Council had in mind. The liturgy, like the Church, is intended to be hierarchical and polyphonic, respecting the different roles assigned by Christ and allowing all the different voices to blend in one great hymn of praise.” Crafting the art of liturgy

17. “Active participation certainly means that, in gesture, word, song and service, all the members of the community take part in an act of worship, which is anything but inert or passive. Yet active participation does not preclude the active passivity of silence, stillness and listening: indeed, it demands it. Worshippers are not passive, for instance, when listening to the readings or the homily, or following the prayers of the celebrant, and the chants and music of the liturgy. These are experiences of silence and stillness, but they are in their own way profoundly active. In a culture which neither favors nor fosters meditative quiet, the art of interior listening is learned only with difficulty. Here we see how the liturgy, though it must always be properly inculturated, must also be counter-cultural.” Crafting the art of liturgy

18. “Conscious participation calls for the entire community to be properly instructed in the mysteries of the liturgy, lest the experience of worship degenerate into a form of ritualism. But it does not mean a constant attempt within the liturgy itself to make the implicit explicit, since this often leads to a verbosity and informality which are alien to the Roman Rite and end by trivializing the act of worship. Nor does it mean the suppression of all subconscious experience, which is vital in a liturgy which thrives on symbols that speak to the subconscious just as they speak to the conscious. The use of the vernacular has certainly opened up the treasures of the liturgy to all who take part, but this does not mean that the Latin language, and especially the chants which are so superbly adapted to the genius of the Roman Rite, should be wholly abandoned. If subconscious experience is ignored in worship, an affective and devotional vacuum is created and the liturgy can become not only too verbal but also too cerebral. Yet the Roman Rite is again distinctive in the balance it strikes between a sparceness and a richness of emotion: it feeds the heart and the mind, the body and the soul. It has been written with good reason that in the history of the Church all true renewal has been linked to a re-reading of the Church Fathers. And what is true in general is true of the liturgy in particular.” (Discourse of the Holy Father to the Bishops of the Episcopal Conference of the United States of America (Washington, Oregon, Idaho, Montana and Alaska) at their Ad Limina Visit October 9, 1998.) Crafting the art of liturgy

19. What has changed? • Introductory Rites • Gloria and The Liturgy of the Word • Profession of Faith • The Liturgy of the Eucharist • The Eucharistic Prayer • The Mystery of Faith • The Communion and Concluding Rites Where are we going? The new Roman Missal

20. 2 Timothy 4:22: The Lord be with your spirit. Grace be with all of you. Galatians 6:18: The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with your spirit, brothers. Amen. Philippians 4:23: The grace of the Lord Jesus Christ be with your spirit. Philemon 25: The grace of the Lord Jesus Christ be with your spirit. French: Et avec votreespirit. Spanish: Y con tuespiritu. German: Und mitdeinemGeiste. Italian: E con iltuospirito. The Greeting and response

21. Judges 6: 11-12: While his son Gideon was beating out wheat in the wine press to save it from the Midianites, the angel of the Lord appeared to him and said, “The Lord is with you, O champion.” Ruth 2:4: Boaz himself came from Bethlehem and said to the harvesters, “The Lord be with you!” and they replied, The Lord bless you!” 2 Chronicles 15: 1-2 : Upon Azariah, son of Oded, came the spirit of God. He went forth to meet Asa and said to him: “Hear me Asa and all Judah and Benjamin! “The Lord is with you when yuou are with him, and if you seek him he will be present to you.” Luke 1: 26-28: In the sixth month, the angel Gabriel was sent from God to a town of Galilee called Nazareth, to a virgin betrothed to a man named Joseph…. And coming to her, he said, “Hail, favored one! The Lord is with you ! The Greeting and response

22. Current Translation New Translation I confess to almighty God and to you, my brothers and sisters that I have sinned through my own fault in my thoughts and in my words, in what I have done, and in what I have failed to do; and I ask blessed Mary, ever virgin, all the angels and saints, and you, my brothers and sisters, to pray for me to the Lord, our God. I confess to almighty God and to you, my brothers and sisters, that I have greatly sinned in my thoughts and in my words, in what I have done and in what I have failed to do. through my fault, through my fault, through my most grievous fault; therefore I ask blessed Mary ever-Virgin all the Angels and saints and you, my brothers and sisters, to pray for me to the Lord our God. Penitential Act - form a

23. Current Translation New Translation Priest: Lord, we have sinned against you. Lord, have mercy. All: Lord, have mercy. Priest: Lord, show us your mercy and love. All: And grant us your salvation Priest: Have mercy on us, O Lord. All: For we have sinned against you. Priest: Show us , O Lord, your mercy. All: And grant us your salvation. Penitential Act - form b

24. Current Translation New Translation Glory to God in the highest, and peace to his people on earth. Lord God, heavenly king, almighty God and Father, we worship you, we give you thanks, we praise you for your glory. Lord Jesus Christ, only Son of the Father, Lord God, Lamb of God, you take away the sin of the world; have mercy on us. you are seated at the right hand of the Father receive our prayer. For you alone are the Holy One, you alone are the Lord you alone are the Most High, Jesus Christ, with the Holy Spirit in the glory of God the Father. Amen. Glory to God in the highest, and on earth peace to people of good will We praise you, we bless you, we adore you, we glorify you, we give you thanks for your great glory, Lord God, heavenly King O God, almighty Father. Lord Jesus Christ, Only Begotten Son, Lord God, Lamb of God, Son of the Father, you take away the sins of the world, have mercy on us; you take away the sins of the world, receive our prayer; you are seated at the right hand of the Father, have mercy on us. For you alone are the Holy One, you alone are the Lord, you alone are the Most High, Jesus Christ, with the Holy Spirit, in the glory of God the Father. Amen. Gloria

25. Current Translation New Translation We believe in one God, the Father, the Almighty, maker of heaven and earth, of all that is seen and unseen. We believe in one Lord, Jesus Christ, the only Son of God, eternally begotten of the Father, God from God, Light from Light, true God from true God, begotten, not made, one in Being with the Father. Through him all things were made. For us men and our salvation he came down from heaven: by the power of the Holy Spirit he was born of the Virgin Mary, and became man. I believe in one God, the Father almighty, maker of heaven and earth, of all things visible and invisible. And in one Lord Jesus Christ, the only Begotten Son of God, born of the Father before all ages. God from God, Light from Light, true God from true God, begotten, not made, consubstantial with the Father; through him all things were made. For us men and for our salvation he came down from heaven, and by the Holy Spirit was incarnate of the Virgin Mary, and became man. Creed - part 1

26. Current Translation New Translation For our sake he was crucified under Pontius Pilate; he suffered, died, and was buried. On the third day he rose again in fulfillment of the Scriptures: he ascended into heaven and is seated at the right hand of the Father. He will come again in glory to judge the living and the dead, and his kingdom will have no end. For our sake he was crucified under Pontius Pilate, he suffered death and was buried, and rose again on the third day in accordance with the Scriptures. He ascended into heaven and is seated at the right hand of the Father. He will come again in glory to judge the living and the dead, and his kingdom will have no end. Creed - part 2

27. Current Translation New Translation We believe in the Holy Spirit, the Lord, the giver of life, who proceeds from the Father and the Son. With the Father and the Son he is worshipped and glorified. He has spoken through the Prophets. We believe in one holy catholic and apostolic Church We acknowledge one baptism for the forgiveness of sins. We look for the resurrection of the dead, and the life of the world to come. Amen. And in the Holy Spirit, the Lord, the giver of Life, who proceeds from the Father and the Son. who with the Father and the Son is adored and glorified. who has spoken through the prophets. And one, holy, catholic, and apostolic Church. I confess one baptism for the forgiveness of sins and I look forward to the resurrection of the dead and the life of the world to come. Amen. Creed - part 3

28. Current Translation New Translation Priest: The Lord be with you. All: And also with you. Priest: Lift up your hearts. All: We lift them up to the Lord. Priest: Let us give thanks to the Lord our God. All: It is right to give him thanks and praise. Priest: The Lord be with you. All: And with your spirit Priest: Lift up your hearts. All: We lift them up to the Lord. Priest: Let us give thanks to the Lord our God. All: It is right and just. The preface dialogue

29. Current Translation New Translation Holy, holy, holy Lord, God of power and might. Heaven and earth are full of your glory. Hosanna in the highest. Blessed is he who comes I the name of the Lord. Hosanna in the highest. Holy, holy, holy Lord God of hosts. Heaven and earth are full of your glory. Hosanna in the highest. Blessed is he who comes I the name of the Lord. Hosanna in the highest. sanctus

30. Current Translation New Translation Take his, all of you, and eat it: this is my body which will be given up for you. Take this, all of you, and drink from it: this is the cup of my blood, the blood of the new and everlasting covenant It will he shed for you and for all so that sins may be forgiven. Do this in memory of me. Take this, all of you, and eat of it, for this is my Body, which will be given up for you. Take this, all of you, and drink from it, for this is the chalice of my Blood, the Blood of the new and eternal covenant, which will be poured out for you and for many for the forgiveness of sins. Do this in memory of Me. institution narrative

31. Current Translation New Translation Dying your destroyed our death, rising you restored our life. Lord Jesus, come in glory. When we eat this bread and drink this cup, we proclaim your death, Lord Jesus, until you come in glory. Lord, you your cross and resurrection you have set us free. You are the Savior of the world. We proclaim your death, O Lord, and profess your Resurrection until you come again. When we eat this Bread and drink this Cup, we proclaim your death, O Lord, until you come again. Save us, Savior of the world, for by your Cross and Resurrection, you have set us free. Memorial acclamation

32. Current Translation New Translation Priest: This is the Lamb of God who takes away the sins of the world. Happy are those who are called to his supper. All: Lord, I am not worthy to receive you, but only say the word and I shall be healed. Priest: Behold the Lamb of God, behold him who takes away the sins of the world. Blessed are those called to the supper of the Lamb. All: Lord, I am not worthy that you should enter under my roof but only say the word and my soul shall be healed. Invitation to communion

33. Current Translation New Translation Go in the peace of Christ. The Mass in ended, go in peace. God in peace to love and serve the Lord. Go forth, the Mass is ended. Go and announce the Gospel of the Lord. Go in peace, glorifying the Lord by your life. Go in peace. Dismissal

34. Why did it change? • New words, deeper meaning, same Mass • A more literal translation of the original Latin • An increase in depth • Fidelity to Sacred Scripture • A more formal translation • The beauty of the language portrays the beauty of God • A change in tone; a change in attitude Where are we going? The new Roman Missal

35. Implementing the new translation of the Roman Missal • Familiarize yourself with appropriate texts and resources • Help the pastor, help the people • Educate various committees, fellow ministers, and parishioners • Hold training sessions to update various • Prayer and PATIENCE! How are we going to get there?Leadership and liturgy

36. The role of the Liturgical Committee, minister, etc. • Familiarity with the current structure of the Mass (GIRM) • Familiarity with the new translation and the reasons for it • Catechesis • Bulletin announcements, resources for the pews, training sessions, homilies. How are we going to get there?Leadership and liturgy

37. Important guidelines to remember, particularly for planning of liturgies • lexorandi, lexcredendi, lexviviendi • Expressing what we believe • Noble simplicity of the Roman Rite • The Church’s liturgy • Ministries at the service of the Church • Transcending personal taste and likes or dislikes How are we going to get there?Leadership and liturgy

38. Some Resources • Various Vatican II documents, particularly SacrosanctumConcilium • GIRM • RedemptionisSacramentum • LTP Revised Roman Missal Series • usccb.org How are we going to get there?Leadership and liturgy