1 / 18

Evolution and transmission in HIV

This review explores the evolution of HIV and its transmission, highlighting the causes and consequences of its genetic diversity. It discusses the origins of HIV-1 and HIV-2 and examines the within-host evolution of the virus. The use of phylogenies and molecular epidemiology is emphasized to track patterns of infection. The evolution of drug resistance and immune pressure in HIV is also discussed.

challett
Download Presentation

Evolution and transmission in HIV

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Evolution and transmission in HIV Steve Paterson Review; Rambaut 2004 Nature Reviews Genetics 5: 52-61 ‘The causes and consequences of HIV evolution’

  2. Use phylogenies to follow infection • HIV is an RNA virus, with a high mutation rate • mutates over course of infection

  3. HIV

  4. HIV Gag gene polymorphism

  5. Phylogenetic tree should mirror contact structure of infection

  6. Molecular epidemiology of HIV in Edinburgh • HIV mutates as passes from one individual to next • Use substitutions to build phylogenies and track pattern of infection

  7. HIV phylogeny Holmes et al (1994) J. Inf. Diseases 171:45-53

  8. Oliveira et al (2006) Nature. 444, 836-837

  9. Origins of HIV HIV-2 HIV-1 Rambaut 2004 Nature Reviews Genetics 5: 52-61

  10. Origins of HIV-1

  11. Within host evolution of HIV • high rate of mutation • (0.2 errors/genome) • high rate of replication • (gen. time = 2.5 days, 1010 - 1012 virions/day) • natural selection • immune selection • genetic drift

  12. Genetic diversity of HIV Rambaut (2004) Nature Reviews Genetics5, 52-61

  13. Evolution of drug resistance in HIV

  14. Long-lived Short-lived env gene CTL escape blue sites = +ve seln. Ross (2002) J. Virol. 76 : 11715-20 Immune pressure, effective at driving amino-acid change in long-lived patients?

More Related