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Looking Into the Mind’s Eye

A Review of the Latest Neurotechnology. Looking Into the Mind’s Eye. Archis R. Bhandarkar. Motivation. “ If the human brain were so simple that we could understand it, we would be so simple that we couldn't.” Emerson Pugh. Overview.

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Looking Into the Mind’s Eye

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  1. A Review of the Latest Neurotechnology Looking Into the Mind’s Eye Archis R. Bhandarkar

  2. Motivation “If the human brain were so simple that we could understand it, we would be so simple that we couldn't.” Emerson Pugh

  3. Overview • What strategies do we have to perceive thehuman mind? • Technologies in Scanning/Diagnostics • Technologies in Capturing Individual Neurons • Mathematical Modeling of the Neuron

  4. Technologies in Scanning

  5. Positron Emission Tomography • Powerful tool in neurological analysis • Gauge of energy consumption Areas of greater activity (energy consumption) are depicted in RED

  6. Positron Emission Tomography

  7. Positron Emission Tomography 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1

  8. Magnetic Resonance Imaging • Fine anatomic detail of 3D structure using magnetic field scanning Tissues with a lot of water/fat register as a brighter image, whereas bone comes up black

  9. Magnetic Resonance Imaging

  10. Magnetic Resonance Imaging fMRI MRS DTI

  11. Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy • NON-INVASIVE • Same physics as MRI to trace biochemical concentration

  12. Mathematics Behind DTI • Water molecules tend to diffuse along axons • DTI uses mathematics to trace the molecules

  13. Functional MRI • Hemodynamics (deoxyhemoglobin) • Activity- blood flow correlation

  14. Integrated DTI/fMRI http://www.youtube.com/v/J2ZTjA4BtDA&feature=fvw

  15. Technologies in Targeting the Neuron

  16. Optogenetics • Express opsin genes in organism • Target specific neurons to fire through light exposure

  17. Potential of Optogenetics http://www.youtube.com/v/v7uRFVR9BPU&feature=fvw

  18. Two Photon Calcium Imaging • Tracks calcium ions to trace individual neuron activity

  19. Mathematical Modeling of the Neuron

  20. Hodgkin-Huxley Model • Differential equations based on Hodgkin-Huxley study of squid axons • Equivalence of Neuron to Circuit

  21. FitzHugh-Nagumo Model • Simplification of Hodgkin-Huxley

  22. Conclusion • Wide Variety of Perspectives Leads to: • Larger Idea Flow • Broadened Interdisciplinary Research • Greater Tools for Diagnostics • Thank you for listening

  23. Sources • Brain Facts • http://www.uop.edu.jo/download/PdfCourses/caclulus/tensor%20analysis%20intro.pdf • http://www.fmri.org/fmri.htm • http://meteoreservice.com/PDFs/JMRI_DTI.PDF • http://www.technologyreview.com/biomedicine/16473/page2/ • http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Basic_Physics_of_Nuclear_Medicine/MRI_%26_Nuclear_Medicine

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