What do you need to know for the test?

1. What do you need to know for the test? Or, “How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Study Guide”

2. Scientific Notation Quiz • Unit Conversions Quiz 1 • Unit Conversions Quiz 2 • Accuracy & Precision Quiz • Excel Graphing Pre-lab Quiz Review the results of your Quia quizzes and correct your mistakes on your own paper.

3. Determine the slope of the line. • Explain the meaning of the slope of the line. • Determine the y-intercept. • Explain the meaning of the y-intercept. • Relate the R2 value to the precision of the data. • Given the "accepted" value, determine the accuracy of the data. • Choose the independent variable (graphed on the x-axis) and the dependent variable (graphed on the y-axis). • Explain the difference between an independent variable (cause) and the dependent variable (effect) Graphing: you should be able to . . .

4. Slope = ?

5. Slope = -3

6. Meaning of slope = ?

7. Meaning of slope: for every interruption, 3 homework problems were missed.

8. Y-intercept = ?

9. Y-intercept = 25

10. Meaning of y-intercept = ?

11. Meaning of y-intercept = number of correct homework problems with 0 interruptions

12. Precision of the data = ?

13. Precision of the data = extremely good; R2 = 1.000; all of the points are on the best-fit line

14. Independent variable = ?

15. Independent variable = number of interruptions; graphed on x-axis; “cause”

16. Dependent variable = ?

17. Dependent variable = #correct homework problems; graphed on y-axis; “effect”

18. Slope of the line = ?

19. Slope of the line = 0.7427

20. Meaning of the slope = ?

21. Meaning of the slope = for every cm gained in height, weight increased by 0.7427 kg

22. The y-intercept = ?

23. The y-intercept = -71.371 kg

24. Meaning of the y-intercept = ?

25. Meaning of the y-intercept = nothing! Meaningless!

26. Precision of the data = ?

27. Precision of the data = not very precise; points scattered around the line; R2 value isn’t close to 1.0000

28. Slope = ?

29. Slope = $0.0053/gallon; slope means that every gallon costs $.0053.

30. Y-intercept = ?

31. Y-intercept = 13.35; means that $13.35 is base charge, what you’ll pay even if you use no water.

32. Slope =?Which line/curve describes the data the best – the red or the black? How do you know?

33. Slope = 0.0106 s/cm; for every cm in length, the period increases by 0.0106 s. The red curve describes the data better than the black line. The curve’s R2 value is closer to 1.000 than the line’s R2 value.

34. Can you handle the hypothesis?(http://www.quia.com/pop/105061.html) (updated) • Choose whether a statement or a group of statements represents a theory, hypothesis, opinion, or fact. • “Scientific Method and Experimentation” (http://www.quia.com/rr/117182.html) • Know the process of science • Melanoma Mystery (http://www.quia.com/cz/62325.html) On your own, review using these activities

35. multiple investigators working together and critiquing each others' work • as more evidence was gathered, the explanations from each group became more and more similar • inherently tentative nature of scientific theories - no answer is "carved in stone" anywhere • scientific theories ARE well-tested • revised as new evidence is found • must be able to use scientific theories to make predictions Checks Lab: parallels with how science is really done

36. Quintin performed an experiment that was designed to test the effects of the drug caffeine on the heartbeat of small multi-cellular, aquatic organisms known as daphnia. Two containers of daphnia received identical water, food, light and temperatures (21 degrees C). The daphnia in group one had only pond water in their environment. The daphnia in group two had the same pond water treated so that it contained .5% caffeine in solution. The heart-rate of each group was measured every 10 minutes for 50 minutes. • Which of the following parts of the above Daphnia experiment would be considered the control group? • Group 1 • Group 2 • Both groups • Neither group

37. Quintin performed an experiment that was designed to test the effects of the drug caffeine on the heartbeat of small multi-cellular, aquatic organisms known as daphnia. Two containers of daphnia received identical water, food, light and temperatures (21 degrees C). The daphnia in group one had only pond water in their environment. The daphnia in group two had the same pond water treated so that it contained .5% caffeine in solution. The heart-rate of each group was measured every 10 minutes for 50 minutes. • What was the dependent variable in the above Daphnia experiment? • Caffeine • Heart Rate • Light • Water

38. Sidney is conducting an experiment to determine whether listening to loud, hip-hop music improves the weightlifting ability of students in a weightlifting class. He asks 30 classmates to lift weights while listening to loud, hip-hop music. The average weight lifted by the students in the class is 20 pounds more than they lifted last year. Because this is an improvement, Sidney concludes that the music improves the weightlifting ability of the students. Which of the following statements shows best how Sidney could improve the experiment? • Give each student a flexibility test as well as a weightlifting test. • Find out how the music affects the students concentration by giving them a math test as well. • Give the same test to adults as well as students. • Randomly divide the class into two groups. One group would experience the music and the other group would not.

39. Quintin performed an experiment that was designed to test the effects of the drug caffeine on the heartbeat of small multi-cellular, aquatic organisms known as daphnia. Two containers of daphnia received identical water, food, light and temperatures (21 degrees C). The daphnia in group one had only pond water in their environment. The daphnia in group two had the same pond water treated so that it contained .5% caffeine in solution. The heart-rate of each group was measured every 10 minutes for 50 minutes.What was the independent variable in the above experiment? • Caffeine • Heart rate • Light • Water

40. After scientists have developed a theory (e.g. atomic theory), does the theory ever change? • If you believe that theories do change, explain why we bother to teach scientific theories. Defend your answer with examples • If you believe that theories don’t change, explain how scientific knowledge progresses. Defend your answer with examples. • What makes science (or a scientific discipline such as physics, biology, etc.) different from other disciplines of inquiry (e.g., religion, philosophy)? • In the past, people believed that the sun and planets of our solar system revolved around the earth. Today we know that the sun is at the center of our solar system. Explain how this change in our understanding of the solar system illustrates how scientific knowledge develops. Refer back to the "Checks Lab" we did in class. • Is there a difference between scientific knowledge and opinion? Give an example to illustrate your answer. • Scientists perform experiments/investigations when trying to find answers to the questions they put forth. Do scientists use their creativity and imagination during their investigations?  • If yes, then at which stages of the investigations do you believe scientists use their imagination and creativity: planning and design, data collection, after data collection? Please explain why scientists use imagination and creativity. Provide examples. • If you believe that scientists do not use imagination and creativity, please explain why. Provide examples. Be able to write coherently on any of these questions

41. Questions from two no-risk Quia quizzes: • http://www.quia.com/quiz/654946.html • http://www.quia.com/quiz/639767.html Science Process Skills

42. May the probability of you doing well on this test = 1 • ¡Buena suerte! • حظا سعيدا • Успех • 好运气 • Bonne chance! • Lykketil! Good luck!