Airborne Sunphotometry and Closure Studies during the SAFARI-2000 Dry Season Campaign

1. Airborne Sunphotometry and Closure Studies during the SAFARI-2000 Dry Season Campaign B. Schmid BAER/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USAP. B. Russell NASA Ames Research Center P. Pilewskie NASA Ames Research Center J. Redemann BAER/NASA Ames Research Center J. M. Livingston SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, USA P. V. Hobbs University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USAE. J. Welton GEST/NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USAJ. Campbell SSAI/NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterB. N. Holben NASA Goddard Space Flight Center M. McGill NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Also Appearing:A. Chu NASA Goddard Space Flight Center L. A. Remer NASA Goddard Space Flight Center O. Torres JCET-UMBC/NASA Goddard Space Flight Center D. L. Hlavka SSAI/NASA Goddard Space Flight Center

2. The Southern African Regional Science Initiative - SAFARI 2000 - is an international science initiative aimed at developing a better understanding of the southern African earth-atmosphere-human system. SAFARI 2000 dry-season airborne campaign Aug 13-Sep 25, 2000 • 9 Southern African nations • 6 research aircraft • Satellite overpasses • Ground-based measurement teams • Here we discuss: • coordinated observations of the evolution of massive, thick haze layers produced by biomass burning, industrial emissions, marine and biogenic sources.

3. Aerosol retrieval from satellites in SAFARI-2000 Ozone Column, Absorbing Aerosol Index, Aerosol Optical Depth (380 nm), Single Scatter Albedo (380 nm) MODIS Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer • over water (AOD at 6 wavelengths +1 extrapolated, some size characteristics) • over land (AOD at 2 wavelengths + 1 interpolated) Aerosol Optical Depth over water and land (0.557 mm), aerosol type

4. NASA Ames Spectral Solar Flux Radiometer (SSFR) • Up und downwelling flux • 300-1700 nm, Resolution 8-12 nm, 1Hz • On CV-580, ER-2 and Skukuza ground-site • Aerosol extinction profiles • 532 and 1064 nm

5. NASA Ames Airborne Tracking 14-Channel Sunphotometer (AATS-14) • Aerosol Optical Depth/Extinction • (354-1558 nm, 12 wavelengths) • Water Vapor Column/Density • 24 data flights on CV-580 UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON CV-580 31 Flights (120 hours) during SAFARI-2000

6. Cimel Sun/sky radiometers • ~20 Southern African sites during SAFARI-2000 • Aerosol Optical Depth at 7 wavelengths • Size Distributions • Single Scatter Albedo • Micro Pulse Lidar • 2 sites during SAFARI-2000 • Aerosol Extinction Profiles 523 nm

7. Compare AATS-14 with Cimel during low level run near Mongu • Vertical profile AATS-14 near Mongu

11. Vertical profile AATS-14 near Maun under TOMS

14. Aerosol height=5.185 km SSA=0.956

15. Comparison AATS-14 with Cimel and MODIS on Terra • Flux from SSFR

17. Spectral Solar Flux Radiometer (SSFR) on CV-580 over Inhaca Island, Aug 24, 2000 Net Flux (down-up) Layer Depth 2.7 km Layer AOD at 500 nm=0.24 (from AATS-14) Flux Divergence (=Absorption)

18. AATS-14 Aerosol and H2O profile • Comparison with Cimel • Comparison with MPL • Comparison with CPL on ER-2

19. 25 km

20. 1 0.9 0.8 0.7 340 nm 0.6 Aerosol Optical Depth 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 5:30 6:00 6:30 7:00 7:30 8:00 8:30 9:00 9:30 10:00 10:30 11:00 11:30 12:00 12:30 13:00 UT Skukuza 8/22/2000, Aeronet Cimel (Level 1.5 Data) start descent end descent 380 nm 440 nm 500 nm 670 nm 870 nm 1020 nm

28. Conclusions/Outlook