Growth of a New Nation

1. Growth of a New Nation SS8H5 The Student will explain significant factors that affected the development of Georgia as part of the growth of the US between 1789 and 1840. (a, b, c, d )

2. Map of the United States : exhibiting the post-roads, the situations, connections & distances of the post-offices, stage roads, counties & principal rivers / by Abraham Bradley Jun'r CREATED/PUBLISHED[5th ed.]Philadelphia : Made and sold by Caldcleugh and Thomas, [1804]

3. The U. S. ExpandsAs a new country we begin to establish ourselves in the world.

4. Following the American Revolution the United States begins to expand, there was a thirst for land and for the independence it brought to its owners. Farming was the country’s main occupation and source income.

5. Louisiana Purchase of 1803

6. Thomas Jefferson negotiated the purchase from France that doubled the size of the United States for just $15,000,000

7. Even though he knew that there was no executive authority in the Constitution to purchase the territory, he feared Spain and France had the power to block American trade access to the port of New Orleans. • Then, in 1804 he sent an expedition (Corps of Discovery) into this unknown territory to find a “Northwest Passage”.

8. Corps of Discovery 1804-1806 • Lewis and Clark explore the newly acquired land for a water route through the continent. They returned with numerous plant and animal specimens, as well as vast amounts of information about the terrain and people.

9. Age of Expansion and Economic Growth • Even though the Revolution left the US in financial ruin and few people had any money to pay taxes, there were many new inventions that soon brought prosperity. • mechanized farming tools, steamboats, and railroad engines • advances in industry, business, and commerce

10. Steam engines power many new inventions

11. Early steamboat Advances in transportation create business opportunities. The movement of goods and people is made easier and consequently causes economic growth. Canal boat being towed by a mule.

12. Economic impact of new inventions • Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin • Increased the speed at which the seeds could be removed from the cotton. • Cotton now becomes a profitable cash crop. • Increased the demand for labor to tend the new fields of cotton that were now being planted. Date Created/Published: 1869 Dec. 18.

13. Time saving and labor saving= economic gains Cyrus McCormick’s Grain Reaper

14. Land Fever in Georgia

15. Land policies • Georgia tries to attract new settlers • Georgia uses different systems to give land away • Headright system was the first method used and gave the land to the white male “head’ of the family which had the “right” to receive up to 1,000 acres (lands east of the Oconee River) • Land lotteries began around 1803 when any white male at least 21 years of age could buy a chance to spin the lottery wheel for a designated land lot (lands west of the Oconee River)

16. Yazoo Land Fraud of 1795 • One of the worst political scandals in GA history • When GA borders still went west to the Mississippi River • Native tribes such as the Creek and Cherokee still lived there

17. Yazoo River located in the present day state of Mississippi • Land speculators tried to make profits from the sale of this land • First needed to own it in order to sell it for profit • Bribed the governor and legislators to pass the Yazoo Act which sold this land (35 million acres) to four main speculation companies for merely $.02 an acre (See map on slide 14)

18. Yazoo Fraud discovered • New settlers bought this land • Citizens of Georgia discover the bribery (fraud) and replace all the legislators the following year in the next election • Newly elected General Assembly repeals the Act which now causes confusion on ownership of the land • Lawsuits are filed by those who bought the land and did not want to give up their claims • This went all the way to the Supreme Court which settled by paying off all the claims • Georgia’s new border now becomes the Chattahoochee River; Georgia ceded the disputed landto the federal government in exchange for $1,250,000

19. War of 1812

20. What are some major events leading to The War of 1812? • US shipping was being harassed, and cargo was seized. • Britain required licenses for ships bound for Europe • France confiscated cargo from licensed ships • Impressment of American sailors • Many British sailors became naturalized US citizens and deserted British vessels and joined American crews. • British Navy kidnapped these sailors off American ships and had them rejoin the British Navy

21. What were some drawbacks to going to war? • Not everyone in the US wanted to go to war • Military was small • Standing army was small • Militia comprised most of our forces, and they did not like to fight outside of their state borders • Navy was quite small- only 22 ships • Britain was a great superpower and could crush us like a bug; we could lose territory that was gained in the Treaty of Paris or the Louisiana Purchase

22. Problems during the War • Britain blockades the Eastern Seaboard • This prevented shipping from leaving, and made the war more unpopular in the Northeast • In August 1814, British forces sailed into Chesapeake Bay and captured Washington D.C., they burned the White House and the Capitol, Madison and Congress barely escaped

24. Oh Say Can You See… • Unlike D.C., Baltimore was ready for the British • The City militia inflicted heavy casualties on the British • After bombarding Fort McHenry on September 13, 1814, the British abandoned the attack • Francis Scott Key witnessed the bombardment and penned a poem which becomes the National Anthem.

25. If The War of 1812 ended in a tie, why was it important? • Gave the United States a Nationalidentity • We were able to hold our own against the British • Started us thinking about continuing westward expansion • Ended bad feelings toward the British • Creates a hero in Andrew Jackson and the Western frontiersmen

26. Review: Following the American Revolution the US experiences some financial issues but soon becomes very prosperous due to new inventions The size of the country doubles with the Louisiana Purchase Yazoo Land Fraud rocks Georgia’s government War of 1812- causes and outcome