Growth of a New Nation

1. Growth of a New Nation Mrs. Tucker US History Victor Valley High School

2. Main Points • Nullification/John Calhoun • Transcontinental Railroad • Bleeding Kansas • Missouri Compromise • Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo • Mormon Movement • Pap Singleton • William Jennings Bryan – increasing silver • Populist • Second Great Awakening • Indian Removal/Reservations • Grange • Dawes Act • Kansas-Nebraska Act • Interstate Commerce Act • Manifest Destiny • Gold in California – 49ers • Us Expansion • Mexican American War/Gadsden Purchase • Andrew Jackson/Indian Removal Act • Republic of Texas – Alamo • Buffalo Soldiers

3. The Growth of a Young Nation • Jeffersonian Era • Jeffersonian Republicans • People should control government • Small Government • Eliminating internal taxes • Reducing influence of Bank of US

4. Marbury vs. Madison • John Marshall – Supreme Court • John Adams tried to influence future judicial decisions by filling federal judgeships with Federalists • Signed documents authorizing appointment weren’t delivered; • Jefferson argued that these appointments were invalid – ordered Madison, his Secretary of State not to deliver them • Federalist Chief Justice John Marshall declared that part of Congress’s Judiciary Act of 1789 – that would force Madison to hand over papers was unconstitutional. • Established principle of Judicial Review

5. Marbury vs. Madison

6. Jefferson • Louisiana Purchase • In 1803 Napoleon Bonaparte abandoned his ideas of an American empire and sold the Louisiana Territory to the US for $15 million. • This purchase more than doubled the size of the United States

7. James Madison - War of 1812 • Causes of the War • Impressment (Drafting) American soldiers to the British Navy; • British officials in Canada were supplying arms to Native Americans in battle against American settlers; • War Hawks – young congressmen from South and West demanded war; • Americans – lack of funding and popular support – few volunteers and unprepared for war; • Britain preoccupied with fighting Napoleon in Europe – However burned capital Washington, DC in 1814; • Impressive American Victory at New Orleans – Andrew Jackson – hero; • Peace treaty was already signed BEFORE the battle

8. James and Dolly Madison

9. Consequences of the War • End of the Federalist Party who opposed the war; • Encouraged growth of American industries to manufacture products not available from Britain because of the war; • Confirmed status of the US as a free and independent nation;

10. Nationalism Shapes Foreign Policy • James Monroe – elected 1816 • Secretary of State, John Quincy Adams – established foreign policy based on • Nationalism – belief that national interests should be placed ahead of regional concerns such as slavery in the south or tariffs in the Northeast;

11. James Monroe and John Quincy Adams

12. James Monroe and John Quincy Adams • Territory and Boundaries • EXPANSION – high on John Quincy Adams priority; • Convention of 1818 – fixed US border at 49th parallel from Michigan west to Rocky Mountains; • Compromise with Britain to jointly occupy Oregon Territory for 10 years; • Convinced Don Luis de Onis – Spanish minister to US to transfer Florida to the US; • Adams-Onis Treaty – 1819 established a western boundary for US along Sabine River from Gulf of Mexico to Arkansas River and North to 42nd parallel and West to the Pacific Ocean;

13. Monroe Doctrine • When Napoleon was defeated in 1815, Portugal and Spain wanted to reclaim their former colonies in Latin America; • Russia, who had been in Alaska since 1784 were establishing trading posts in California and claimed Alaska’s southern boundary was 51st parallel – just North of Vancouver Island; • With European nations trying to claim areas the US wanted, in 1823, in his message to Congress, Monroe warned all European power not to interfere with affairs in the Western Hemisphere.

14. Monroe Doctrine

15. Monroe Doctrine • They should not attempt to create new colonies or try to overthrow the newly independent republics in the hemisphere. The United States would consider such action “dangerous to our peace and safety.” • These principles became known as the Monroe Doctrine. • Foundation for future American policy and important step for the new nation;

16. List an event from each of the following Presidents and its Significance • Thomas Jefferson • Event • Significance • James Madison • Event • Significance • James Monroe • Event • Significance • John Quincy Adams • Event • Significance • Read pages 110 117 • Answer Questions: • 1 – Vocabulary • 2 – Taking Notes – left; • 3 - Evaluating Leadership • 4 - Evaluate War of 1812 • 5 – Drawing Conclusion;