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Reproductive System

Reproductive System. Section 1 Reproductive and Hormonal Functions of the Male Section 2. Reproductive and Hormonal Functions of the Female Section 3. Hormonal control of the menstrual cycle Section 4 Pregnancy Section 5 Oxytocin. Section 1 Reproductive and Hormonal Functions of the Male.

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Reproductive System

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  1. Reproductive System • Section 1 Reproductive and Hormonal Functions of the Male • Section 2. Reproductive and Hormonal Functions of the Female • Section 3. Hormonal control of the menstrual cycle • Section 4 Pregnancy • Section 5 Oxytocin

  2. Section 1 Reproductive and Hormonal Functions of the Male

  3. Functions of testes • spermatogenesis • seminiferous tubules • secrete hormones • testosterone - by the instestitial cels of Leydig, • inhibin - by Sertoil cells

  4. I. Endocrine Function of Testes • Androgens: testosterone, dihydrotesterone (双氢睾酮） and androstenodione （雄烯二酮） • Function of testosterone • Maintenance of spermatogenesis • Stimulation of development of genitalia. • Development and maintenance of the male secondary sexual characteristics. • Maintenance of libido. • Effect on metabolism. • increases anabolism of protein, • causes growth of the bones • deposition of calcium salts • enhancement of production of red cells.

  5. Endocrine Function of Testes (cont.) • Inhibin • a glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 31,000-32,000 • Secreted by by Sertoil cells in testis • potent inhibitory effect on FSH secretion by pituitary gland. • slightly inhibitory in GnRH secretion.

  6. II. Regulation of Testis Function • Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Testis Axis • GnRH • FSH, LH • Testerone • Negative Feedback Mechanism • Testosterone • Inhibin • Local regulation in testes

  7. Section 2 Reproductive and Hormonal Functions of the Female

  8. I. Menstruation, Ovulation and Hormonal Regulation • Menstruation cycle or female sexual cycle • Uterine cycle • Proliferative phase (estrogen phase) • Secretary phase (progesterone phase) • Menstruation • Ovarian Cycle • Follicular phase • Ovulation • Luteal phase

  9. Uterine Cycle • Proliferative phase (estrogen phase) • Secretary phase (progesterone phase) • Menstruation

  10. Ovarian Cycle • Follicular phase • Ovulation • Luteal phase

  11. Endocrine Functions of Ovaries • Physiological function of estrogen • On sexual organs • On secondary female sexual characteristics • On metabolism • others • Physiological function of progesterone • on uterus • on breasts • thermogenic effect • others

  12. Section 3. Hormonal control of the menstrual cycle

  13. Section 4 Pregnancy

  14. I. Fertilization and Implantation

  15. II. Hormones of Placenta • Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG) • Progesterone and Estrogen • Human Chorionic Somatommotropin (HCS)

  16. Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG) • glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 39,000 • secreted by the syncytial trophoblast cells • can be measured in the blood 8 to 9 days after ovulation • Function: • identical to LH in its effect • maintain the corpus letum

  17. Progesterone and Estrogen • Secreted by corpus luteum before 5-6 weeks of pregancy and by placenta later • maintain the endometrium and prevent menstruation • Estrogen: cause enlargement of uterus, breasts and mother’s female external genitalia • Progesterone: decrease the contractility of pregnant uterus

  18. Human Chorionic Somatommotropin (HCS) • protein with molecular weight of 38,000 • begins to be secreted by the placenta at the 5th week of pregnancy • Secretion in direct proportion to the weight of placenta. • Function • stimulates growth of fetus • regulates metabolism of carbohydrate, fat and protein in both the fetus and the mother

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