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免疫系統之成員以及它們在防衛上之角色 ( Elements of the immune system and their roles in defense)

免疫系統之成員以及它們在防衛上之角色 ( Elements of the immune system and their roles in defense). Pin Ling ( 凌 斌 ), Ph.D. Department of Microbiology & Immunology, NCKU ext 5632 lingpin@mail.ncku.edu.tw References: 1. 黎煥耀 教授 編譯, 免疫系統 (2 nd edition) 2. Parham, The Immune System (2 nd edition).

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免疫系統之成員以及它們在防衛上之角色 ( Elements of the immune system and their roles in defense)

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  1. 免疫系統之成員以及它們在防衛上之角色(Elements of the immune system and their roles in defense) • Pin Ling (凌 斌), Ph.D. Department of Microbiology & Immunology, NCKU ext 5632 lingpin@mail.ncku.edu.tw • References: 1. 黎煥耀 教授 編譯, 免疫系統 (2nd edition) 2. Parham, The Immune System (2nd edition)

  2. 課程要點 (Outline) • 免疫概念由來 (The Origin of Immune Concept) • 免疫系統之成員 (The Components of the immune system) • 先天及後天免疫之原理 (The Principles of innate & Adaptive immunity) • 結論及討論 (Summary & Discussions)

  3. 免疫概念由來 (The Origin of Immune Concept) 1. 傳染性疾病 => 存活者 => 免於再次感染 (Immune) 2. 天花 (Smallpox) => 重大傷亡 => 倖存者 => 面貌變形 3. Edward Jenner’s observation, hypothesis, & test: Milkmaids => generally do not get smallpox Pus from 牛痘 (cowpox) => protect milkmaids from smallpox Inoculate materials from cowpox pus => protect a youngboy from smallpox => protective immunity 4. 牛痘接種 (Vaccination)由牛天花 (Vaccinia)延伸而來, 今日用於所有疫苗接種 (also called immunization)

  4. Edward Jenner

  5. 免疫學涵蓋的範圍 • 從生理上的防禦，抵抗病原菌的感染，至生理病態上造成組織的傷害，皆扮演非常重要的角色。 • 學習免疫學, 為了暸解免疫系統, 並可進一步調控免疫反應; 以抵抗病原菌的感染, 及消除疫免疾病, ex, 過敏氣喘(allergic asthma), 關節炎(arthritis)。

  6. 免疫系統防止病菌感染

  7. 皮膚及黏膜層構成物理屏障抵抗感染 Blue area-Skin Red area-mucosa

  8. 課程要點 (Outline) • 免疫概念由來 (The Origin of Immune Concept) • 免疫系統之成員 (The Components of the immune system) • 先天及後天免疫之原理 (The Principles of innate & Adaptive immunity) • 結論及討論 (Summary & Discussion)

  9. 免疫及血液細胞源自骨髓 (Bone Marrow) Stem cells Progenitor cells Differentiated cells Effector cells

  10. 骨髓系的白血球細胞(Myeloid immune cells) • Dendritic cell • Monocyte => Macrophage • Neutrophil, Basophil, • Eosinophil, & Mast cell

  11. 淋巴系的白血球細胞(Lymphoid immune cells) • T cells • B cells • NK cells • NKT cells

  12. 體內主要淋巴器官及組織 (Lymphoid Organs & Tissues) Primary lymphoid tissues: Bone marrow, Thymus => Development Secondary lymphoid tissues: Spleen, Tonsil,……etc Immune cells  Pathogens

  13. 淋巴循環系統

  14. 淋巴結構造 (Structure of Lymph Node)

  15. 脾臟(Spleen) -過濾血液的淋巴器官

  16. 課程要點 (Outline) • 免疫概念由來 (The Origin of Immune Concept) • 免疫系統之成員 (The Components of the immune system) • 先天及後天免疫之原理 (The Principles of innate & Adaptive immunity) • 結論及討論 (Summary & Discussions)

  17. 先天性免疫 (Innate Immunity) vs. 適應性免疫(Adaptive Immunity)

  18. 先天性 & 適應性免疫反應時間

  19. 吞噬細胞 (Phagocytes)- 先天免疫 (Innate Immunity) 1. 吞噬細胞Phagocytes: Dendritic cells, Macrophages & Neutrophil 2. Receptors => Pathogenic components 3. Cytokines=> Inflammation

  20. 活化的吞噬細胞引起發炎反應 (Inflammation)

  21. 可溶性分子 (Soluble proteins) 參與先天免疫

  22. 感染的先天性免疫細胞與適應性免疫細胞 在淋巴結相遇

  23. 適應性免疫力的原則 (Principles of Adaptive Immunity) • 適應性免疫力只限於脊椎動物(Vertebrate). • 主要由抗原表達細胞 (Antigen presenting cells,including Macrophages, Dendritic cells, & B cells) 呈現不同病菌的分子成份. • 由 T 及 B 淋巴細胞負責適應性免疫力. • 成千上萬不同的免疫球蛋白 (Immunoglobulin, 來自B 細胞)及 T 細胞受體 (T-cell receptor) 可辨認病菌不同的分子成份. • 適應性免疫力提供長期的免疫記憶與保護性的免疫力.

  24. 免疫球蛋白 (Immunoglobulin), 抗体 (Antibody, Ab)及 T 細胞受體 (T-cell receptor, TCR) 之構造

  25. 抗體(Ab)及 T 細胞受體 (TCR)辨認病原菌 (或抗原)具有高度的專一性 人體內如何利用有限基因去產生無數具有高度抗原專一性的抗體(Ab) ?

  26. 免疫球蛋白及 T 細胞受體的多樣性 - 基因再排列 (Gene Rearrangement)

  27. 辨認蛋白質的方式 - 免疫球蛋白及T細胞受體

  28. 主要組織相容抗原複合物 MHC(Major Histocompatibility Complex)

  29. MHC Class I 表達細胞內的病菌蛋白質抗原

  30. MHC Class II 表達細胞外的病菌蛋白質抗原

  31. 單株繁殖選擇 (Clonal Selection of B & T cells)

  32. 抗體和感染作戰的機制

  33. 適應性免疫力 => 免疫記憶與保護性的免疫力

  34. 成功疫苗的例子

  35. 不當的適應性免疫力會造成過敏

  36. 不當的適應性免疫力會造成自體性疾病以及移植的排斥不當的適應性免疫力會造成自體性疾病以及移植的排斥

  37. 適應性免疫力的正當及不當的反應

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