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CHAPTER 9. BEGINNINGS – THE GREEKS. 9-1. The Minoans. A. Rose around 2800 B.C. on Crete (island in Mediterranean) B. Grew wheat, barley, grapes, & olives C. Became good carpenters & metalworkers which helped build ships 1. made them slimmer (to go faster)
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CHAPTER 9 BEGINNINGS – THE GREEKS
9-1 The Minoans
A. Rose around 2800 B.C. on Crete (island in Mediterranean) • B. Grew wheat, barley, grapes, & olives • C. Became good carpenters & metalworkers which helped build ships • 1. made them slimmer (to go faster) • 2. used 2/3 masts instead of one • 3. put a deck over the rowers’ heads (protection) • 4. put a wooden beam in front of the ship to plow into enemy ships introduction
A. Long dark hair & bronzed skin • B. Clothes • 1. men • Striped loincloths • Long robes embroidered with flowers • Trousers that bag at the knees • 2. women • Full skirts • Short-sleeved jackets that laced in front • *all wore tight belts to show off their small waists • * wore jewelry – gold & silver earrings, necklaces, bracelets, & rings I. The People
C. Hobbies • 1. men • Farmed & fished • Raised cattle, long-horned sheep, & goats • Served in the navy & royal guard • 2. women • Performed household duties • Attended sporting events • Hunted in chariots • 3. all • Loved sports • Built the world’s first arena (open air) • About 500 people could fit in arena (king had his own box seats)
D. Arena sports • 1. boxing matches • 2. bull leaping (bullfighting) • A young man & woman fought the bull together • Man would grab the horns • When the bull raised its head, the man would do a somersault & land on the bull’s back • Woman stood behind the bull & would catch the man as he did another flip off the bull • *considered a religious event as well as a sport
A. City design • 1. middle of city stood a palace • 2. were NOT surrounded by walls (surrounded by the sea) • B. Largest city was Knossos • 1. 28 acres • 2. 1/5 of area was taken up by a 5-story palace that served as a government building, temple, factory, & warehouse II. Cities & palaces
C. Palace • 1. built of stone & sun-dried brick • 2. inside walls were covered with frescoes (watercolor paintings made on damp plaster) • 3. had bathrooms with bathtubs & flushable toilets • 4. had hot and cold running water & portable fireboxes to heat rooms • 5. had several entrances that formed a labyrinth (network of paths that make it difficult to find the way out) • 6. called the House of the Double Ax (because labyrinth means double ax)
D. Sea captains, merchants & shipbuilders lived in houses around the palace • E. Next lived artisans • F. Houses were built side by side around courtyards & stood 2-stories tall • G. Each house had their own drains and wells • H. Entrance to houses were through the roof • 1. they lowered a ladder into the opening • 2. wooden doors made of parchment (thin animal skin) were added later
A. Rulers of Crete were priest-kings • 1. made laws • 2. climb Mt. Juktas to get signs from heaven • B. Many gods • 1. main god was Great Goddess – mother earth • 2. she made plants grow & gave children • 3. Minoans built shrines (sacred places to worship) • 4. usually on hilltops because it was closer to heaven III. Rulers & religion
C. Sacred goods • 1. left offerings to the gods – human hair, fruit, flowers, jewels, & gold • 2. lily was sacred flower • 3. double ax was sacred symbol – power of Mother Earth • 4. dove was sacred animal – flew to heavens
A. About 1400 BC the Minoan civilization fell into the hands of the Mycenaeans. • B. Explained in the story of Theseus & the Minotaur • Greek prince, Theseus, was brought to Knossos • Was supposed to be sacrificed to the Minotaur (huge monster held in the labyrinth) • Minotaur had the body of a human and the head of a bull • Theseus killed the Minotaur with a magical sword • When the Minotaur died, so did the Minoan civilization IV. The fall of the minoans
