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A History of Wildlife Conservation : What have we learned in 150 years?

A History of Wildlife Conservation : What have we learned in 150 years?. Wildlife Management. History of Conservation. Why North America ? - Clear examples of our worst and our best - Milestones from 1850 to 2004 - Philosophies & politics of natural resources

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A History of Wildlife Conservation : What have we learned in 150 years?

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  1. A History of Wildlife Conservation:What have we learned in 150 years? Wildlife Management

  2. History of Conservation • Why North America? - Clear examples of our worst and our best - Milestones from 1850 to 2004 - Philosophies & politics of natural resources • Foundations of Conservation Biology: - Biological Diversity: assessment & losses - Sustainable development of human populations

  3. European Origins and the American Experience • Medieval Europe & hunting preserves. • Hunting & use of resources in the colonies. •  Rise of the common man & the concept of public ownership of natural resources. • Six (?) Periods in our history of exploitation and conservation of natural resources in North America.

  4. Time Periods in Conservation • Prior to 1850: Wilderness and Abundance • 1850-1900: Depletion of Natural Resources • 1900-1932: Regulation and Preservation • 1933-1961: Resource Management • 1962-1980: Environmental Concern • 1981- (?) : Global Environment and Sustainable Development

  5. littleimpact • subsistence hunting Prior to 1850: Wilderness and Abundance • Few people with little impact • Subsistence hunting vs. market hunting • Values and ethics of natural resources use throughout our history • Utilitarian values & views of nature • Intrinsic value of the natural world • Transcendentalism: H.D. Thoreau - Walden Pond - 1854

  6. 1850‑1900: Depletion of Resources • Immigration from Europe: American population, 1840 = 17 million, 1850 = 23 mill., 1860 = 32 million • Railroads and market hunting • Deliberate destruction of bison (5 million in 1872) herds and Native Americans • Early Restrictions and Organizations • 1872 ‑ Yellowstone National Park • 1885 ‑ Adirondack Forest Preserve • 1892 - Sierra Club, Founded by John Muir

  7. 1900‑1932: Period of Regulation & Preservation • The Lacy Act - 1900 • President Theodore Roosevelt (1858‑1919) • Gifford Pinchot and the concept of "Conservation" 1900 ‑ American Society of Foresters • Power of the Federal Government in conservation • Restrictive regulations ‑ buck laws in Pennsylvania • 1916 Migratory Bird Treaty with Canada  • The early career of Aldo Leopold

  8. 1900‑1932: Period of Regulation & Preservation • The Lacy Act - 1900 • President Theodore Roosevelt (1858‑1919) • Gifford Pinchot and the concept of "Conservation" 1900 ‑ Am. Society of Foresters • Power of the Federal Government in conservation • Restrictive regulations ‑ buck laws in Pennsylvania • 1916 Migratory Bird Treaty with Canada  • The early career of Aldo Leopold

  9. 1933‑1961: Period of Resource Management • Aldo Leopold 1933. Game Management • Growing influence Federal Government & FDR • 1935 ‑ North American Wildlife Conference • First Cooperative Wildlife Research Units (OSU) • 1937 ‑ Pittman‑Robertson Act • The Wildlife Society • Growth of scientific wildlife training and research • Others?

  10. 1962‑1980: Period of Environmental Concern &Legislative Response • Rachel Carson. 1962. Silent Spring • New technologies applied ‑ chemical restraint, • telemetry, computerized models • Toxicology, Bioaccumulation of DDT • 1970 ‑ The first Earth Day • 1973 ‑ Endangered Species Act & the EPA • 1980 ‑ Presidential Election • - Other important events?

  11. 1981 ‑ Present: Global Concerns & Sustainable Development • Soule and Wilcox 1980. Conservation Biology • E.O. Wilson. 1992. Diversity of Life • Concern for global conservation & extinction • Earth Summit (Rio 1992) Biological diversity • 1997 – Kyoto Protocol (greenhouse gases) • Realism and revision of environmental laws • Goal of sustainable development • 1994 & 2000 Congressional & Presidential Elections

  12. 1981 ‑ Present: Global Concerns & Sustainable Development • Soule and Wilcox 1980. Conservation Biology • E.O. Wilson. 1992. Diversity of Life • Concern for global conservation & extinction • Earth Summit (Rio 1992) Biological diversity • 1997 – Kyoto Protocol (greenhouse gases) • Realism and revision of environmental laws • Goal of sustainable development • 1994 & 2000 Congressional & Presidential Elections

  13. What have we learned (1850-2004)? • Natural resources are public property • Personal leadership & public concern periodically drives governmental action • Issues change but underlying forces and views of nature (utilitarian vs. intrinsic value) remain. • Fundamental issue: Human population growth and resource consumption. • What should we do in 2004 & the future?

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