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RADIATION DETECTION MONITORING DEVICES AND THEIR USE

RADIATION DETECTION MONITORING DEVICES AND THEIR USE. Module V. Instruments for d etecting and m easuring r adiation. Survey meters Geiger-Mueller (GM) instruments Ionization chamber instruments Scintilation instruments Laboratory counters Personnel dosimeters

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RADIATION DETECTION MONITORING DEVICES AND THEIR USE

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  1. RADIATION DETECTION MONITORING DEVICES AND THEIR USE Module V

  2. Instruments for detecting and measuring radiation • Survey meters • Geiger-Mueller (GM) instruments • Ionization chamber instruments • Scintilation instruments • Laboratory counters • Personnel dosimeters • Photographic film dosimeters • Thermoluminescent dosimeters • Pocket dosimeters Module Medical V

  3. Level of radioactive contamination Radiation dose rate in area Identity and quantity of radioactive material Accumulated dose to individuals inarea Primary use of radiation instrument Survey meters Laboratory counters Personnel dosimeters Module Medical V

  4. Gas filled detectors Module Medical V

  5. Geiger-Mueller (GM) instruments Close-up view of probe Top: shield open Bottom: shield closed Module Medical V

  6. Determination of contamination level G-M survey meter with pancake probe Module Medical V

  7. Reading scale of GM detector Module Medical V

  8. How should you monitor? Module Medical V

  9. Surveying patient using GM counter Module Medical V

  10. Limitations of GM counters • will not detect very low energy betas such as those from tritium • may miss alpha contamination if any type of shielding is present, such as gauze, thin layer of blood or more than 5 cm of air Module Medical V

  11. Alpha monitoring alpha monitor Module Medical V

  12. Measurement of radioactivity:well counter Module Medical V

  13. Radionuclide dose calibrator Module Medical V

  14. Airborne activity samplers Module Medical V

  15. Ionization chamber survey meters Module Medical V

  16. Scintilation detectors Module Medical V

  17. Scintilation survey meters Module Medical V

  18. Determination of type and activity of radioactive material Module Medical V

  19. Crystal scintillation gamma spectroscopy Module Medical V

  20. Liquid scintillation counting Module Medical V

  21. In-vivo measurementswhole body counters Module Medical V

  22. Thyroid uptake detection Module Medical V

  23. Personnel dosimeters Electronic dosimeter Film badge TLD Module Medical V

  24. Advantages Permanent record Energy and nature of exposure Cost Disadvantages Energy dependence Fading Size Photographic film dosimeters Module Medical V

  25. Thermoluminescent dosimeters Module Medical V

  26. Pocket dosimeters Module Medical V

  27. Digital pocket dosimeter Module Medical V

  28. Review points • Determination of contamination level often most important measurement in medical emergency setting Usually done with GM probe called pancake detector • Identification of radioactive materialtypically done by relatively sophisticated lab equipment (gamma- or alpha-spectrometer) Samples collected from patient or clothing often used for analysis • Instruments to measure accumulated dosecommonly referred to as dosimeters, worn by person to measure accumulated individual dose. Two types normally used: direct read-out devices (pocket dosimeters) and indirect TLDs & film badges

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