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Pathogens Cause Disease. Being Sick Can Really Get Ya !. Add these terms and definitions to your notes sheet. Immunity- the resistance to a sickness. Infection- When a pathogen invades, multiplies, and causes harm. Disease. Internal Causes. External Causes. Infections by other organisms
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Add these terms and definitions to your notes sheet • Immunity- the resistance to a sickness. • Infection- When a pathogen invades, multiplies, and causes harm.
Disease Internal Causes External Causes Infections by other organisms Environmental factors Toxic pollutants - Ex: Smog, industrial smoke, cigarette smoke, harmful vapors, vehicle emissions, pesticides • Genetic diseases • Down’s syndrome • Albinism • Hemophilia • Sickle cell anemia
Parasites Microorganisms- Are small organisms that can only be seen with a microscope (viruses are not microorganisms!) Tapeworm
Any agent (any living or nonliving thing) that causes disease.
Viruses • **They are NON LIVING** • Need a host to reproduce • Can not respond to changes in their environment • Does not grow • Contain genetic material • Come in many sizes and shapes • Very small, about 1/10,000 bacteria cells
Viruses Multiply Inside Living Cells • Attachment-They attach to a host cell • Injection- Injects DNA into a cell • Production- Host cell makes copies of virus DNA • Assembly- New viruses assemble in cell • Release- Cell bursts releasing viruses
Harmful Viruses Cause Huge Problems • Diseases caused by Viruses • Colds • AIDS • Polio • Small Pox • Diphtheria • Influenza • Can affect Plants, Animals, and Bacteria
Viruses and Vaccines • There are no cures for viruses, doctors use vaccines to prevent people from getting sick from harmful viruses. • Vaccine- contain small amounts of weakened or dead pathogens that stimulate an immune response. • You can be vaccinated at any age and you need to stay up to date on your vaccinations in order to stay protected.
Bacteria • **They are LIVING** • Prokaryotic (no nucleus) • Unicellular • Both autotrophic & heterotrophic • Disease causing bacteria are heterotrophic.
Bacteria • Most are helpful (99%) few are harmful (1%) • Can be spread through food, water and air • Come in three different shapes • Spiral shaped • Rod shaped • Round shaped
Bacteria Prevention and Cures • Can be prevented with vaccines and treated with antibiotics. • You can prevent the spread of bacteria
Bacteria Vs. Viruses Bacteria Viruses Non-living Vaccines Needs a host cell Harmful and helpful Smaller then a bacteria • Living • Vaccines & antibiotics • Harmful and helpful • Bigger than a virus • Has a cell wall
Fungi • Eukaryotic (has a nucleus) • Heterotrophic • Unicellular and multicellular • Can be helpful and harmful • Can be used to make antibiotics • Many produce harmful chemicals • Can cause disease in humans
Fungal infections Ringworm Ringworm Athlete’s foot Under nail fungal infections Thrush (in babies) Treatments Creams and ointments Antifungal medications
How Parasites Are Spread • Insect bites • Animal feces • Walking barefoot • Handling raw meat and fish (not washing after) • Eating raw or undercooked pork, beef or fish • Eating contaminated raw fruits and vegetables • Eating meals prepared by a contaminated person • Drinking contaminated water
Examples • Tapeworm • Hookworm • Lice • Malaria • Pinworm
Prevention • Cook food entirely • Wash hands after handling raw meats • Wash fruits and vegetables • Don’t eat sand from sandboxes • Make sure water is safe to drink or boil it • Wash hands after cleaning kitty litter box
Cancer • *When your own cells multiply uncontrollably, destroying healthy tissue* • Disorder that affects the cell cycle • Not a single disorder, rather a group of disorders • It is the uncontrolled division of cells • Can spread to various tissues, the cells are selfish • Cancer cells become “immortal” they continue to divide • Most are caused by cell mutations during a persons lifetime • Many are caused by harmful chemicals “carcinogens” (ex. nicotine, UV rays, radiation, x-rays) • Some inherit a tendency for a particular cancer
Cancer Prevention • You can reduce the risk of getting a cancerous (malignant) tumor by: • Eating a healthy diet • Exercising regularly • Limiting alcohol • Maintaining a healthy weight • Minimizing your exposure to radiation and toxic chemicals • Not smoking or chewing tobacco • Reducing sun exposure, especially if you burn easily • Get screenings when possible