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Making a Pedigree Chart

Making a Pedigree Chart. A family history of a genetic condition. Quick Review. Genotype = what genes someone has Genes are usually represented by a letter, a capital letter for the dominant trait, a small case for the recessive.

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Making a Pedigree Chart

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  1. Making a Pedigree Chart A family history of a genetic condition

  2. Quick Review • Genotype = what genes someone has • Genes are usually represented by a letter, a capital letter for the dominant trait, a small case for the recessive. • Example: Tongue Rolling is dominant, so we use R to represent the tongue rolling • Inablility to roll your tongue is recessive so we use r to represent the non-rolling gene • For every trait, you get a gene from each parent

  3. Genotypes and Phenotypes • Mom and Dad are Rr-that is their genotype, they can also be described as heterozygous-they have 1 of each gene • What is their PHENOTYPE? • The youngest son has a genotype of rr-he is Homozygous recessive-2 copies of the recessive gene • His phenotype? tongue rollers Rr Rr I can’t Roll my Tongue! non-roller Rr rr Rr Rr

  4. Some common dominant and recessive traits • Widow’s peak is dominant. • You can be homozygous dominant (WW) or heterozygous (Ww) and you will have widow’s peak • What is your genotype and phenotype if you’re homozygous recessive? ww, no widow's peak

  5. Making a Pedigree Chart • Pedigree charts are made to chart family history and see how traits are passed • A genetic counsellor will use pedigree charts to help determine the distribution of a disease in an affected family

  6. Symbols • Shade individuals that have the trait you’re studying • Boys = squares (Lucy always calls Charlie Brown a ‘block head’) • Girls = circles

  7. Married-connected at side • Siblings-connected at TOP not at the side (hopefully not siblings AND married) • Oldest child-to the left • Question-if shaded individuals in this pedigree have blue eyes, what is the GENOTYPE of the parents? both must be Bb

  8. Other • Divorced, separated • Deceased • Identical twins • Fraternal twins

  9. I II III IV Organizing the pedigree chart Generations are identified by Roman numerals

  10. I II III IV Organizing the pedigree chart • Individuals in each generation are identified by Arabic numerals numbered from the left • Therefore the affected individuals are II3, IV2 and IV3 3 4 5 6 7 2 1

  11. What’s going on?Shaded = blue eyes • 1 and 2 split after having 4, 2 then had kids with 3 and split with her too after 5-9 were born • Genotypes of 1, 4,7? • Genotypes of 2 & 3? • Genotypes of 5,6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12? 1 2 3 bb 6 10 4 5 7 8 9 Bb 12 could be BB or Bb 11 In what generation are there twins? III

  12. Time to practice… • Complete the practice worksheet on pedigrees in class (we will review) • Pedigree swap activity • Homework assignment – YOUR CHOICE!

  13. Make your own pedigree • Using your own family, make your own pedigree chart • Must at LEAST include grandparents, parents, & your generation • Pick one easy dominant or recessive trait and shade individuals that have it. You can guess who has it if you don’t know for sure. (Don’t pick a trait that EVERYONE in your family has) • Label yourself, grandparents, cousins, etc • Put a key on the pedigree so I know what shaded means. Ex.- shaded people have widow’s peak OR…you may create a pedigree chart for a fictional family of your choice. For example, a family in a book you read or a movie you have seen (ex: Twilight series, Harry Potter, etc)

  14. Which technology was important to the development of the cell theory?

  15. Microscope

  16. The monk who worked with pea plants to discover the patterns of heredity was

  17. Gregor Mendel

  18. The person responsible for taking the x-rays which led to the discovery of the structure of DNA was

  19. Francis Crick

  20. Chemical which contains the information for an organism’s growth and functions is the

  21. DNA

  22. The unit of heredity that determines a particular trait is known as a

  23. Phenotype

  24. The smallest unit that can perform the basic activities of life is the

  25. Cell

  26. Four molecules that write the DNA code are

  27. Nucleotides

  28. Different forms of the same gene are called

  29. Alleles

  30. Traits that are coded for on DNA are considered _________; while those that are obtained by means other than genetically are considered

  31. Inherited; acquired

  32. The step that follows mitosis during which the cytoplasm divides is called

  33. Cytokinesis

  34. What is the proper order for the steps of mitosis?

  35. DNA replicates duringWhich phase?

  36. An example of a codominant human trait is

  37. a)Frecklesb)Earlobesc)Hair colord)Blood type

  38. An example of a recessive trait in humans is

  39. a)Frecklesb)Unattached earlobec)Straight haird)Brown eyes

  40. A human female would have which set of sex chromosomes?

  41. a)XXb)XYc)YYd)XxYy

  42. Cells that contain half the usual number of chromosomes are

  43. Gametes

  44. Crossing organisms to produce offspring with desirable trait is called

  45. Selective breeding

  46. Any change in DNA is called

  47. Mutation

  48. Radiation treatments can be dangerous because they can

  49. Kill healthy cells

  50. Table which represents the possible combination of parental alleles

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