New York State Energy Research and Development Authority

1. New York State Energy Research and Development Authority National Governors Association September 2001 Joseph Visalli, R&D Director

2. NYSERDA Snapshot Public Benefit Corporation • 3 E’s • Market Driven • Risk Reduction Investments Research & Development, Energy Analysis, Energy Efficiency Services Deployment Steward of the New York State Systems Benefit Charge Program

3. GHG Technology Verification • NYSERDA and SRI - Pending Contract for Collaborative Effort to Verify Performance of New Energy and Environmental Technologies • Electrical Power Output, Quality, Energy Efficiency • GHG and Other Emissions • Other Parameters – Availability, Maintainability, Economics • Diverse Applications - Five Initial Projects Selected • Potential For Additional Projects

4. Initial 5 Projects for Analysis • ONSI Fuel Cell Anaerobic Digester Gas CHP • Waste Water Treatment Plant, Brooklyn, NY - Two 200 kW Fuel Cells • Ingersoll Rand Powerworks Microturbine CHP • Crouse Community Ctr, Morrisville, NY – 70 kW Plus Hot Water • Plug Power PEM Fuel Cell • Private Residence, Buffalo, NY – Two 7 kW Nat Gas Fuel Cells • Capstone 60 kW Microturbine CHP • Supermarket, Riverhead, NY – Dessicant Drying & Space Heat • Capstone 30 kW Microturbine Farm Digester DG • Dairy Farm, Homer, NY - Anaerobic Digestion - Distributed Generation

5. Example: Manure Anaerobic Digester • Demonstrations at 14 Different Farms • Evaluating Technologies and Optimization • Transfer of Results to Other Farms • U.S. EPA AgStar Program

6. Anaerobic Digestion Benefits Emissions Benefits From digesters serving 25% of NYS dairy cows (165,000): Generation of 15 MW of Renewable Power - Reducing 21,000 Metric Tons of Carbon Equivalent (CE) 667 Million Cubic Feet of Reduced Methane Release Per Year - Reducing 73,000 Metric Tons of CE Other Benefits On-site, Distributed Power Generation Can Increase Farm Profits Treatment of Manure Reduces Odor, Pathogens, Opposition to Farming Treated Manure Can Be Applied in Places & Times Better for Nutrient Uptake Water Quality Preserved by Better Nutrient Uptake Marketable Byproducts Can Be Prepared from Treated Manure Materials

7. Project Selection Criteria Selection Criteria for Projects to be Analyzed: • Unique, Innovative Technology • Significant Potential for Energy and Environmental Benefits • High Potential for Replication • Commercially Available Hardware Several Additional Projects Show High Potential – Some Examples Follow

8. Anaerobic Digestion – Winery Wastes • COD of 16,300 mg/L, 50,000 gallons/day or about 6800 lb. COD/day • Avoids ~7,160 kwh/day • Avoids ~450 tons/year of aerobic sludge production • Produces ~34,000 cubic feet of methane per day • Saved ~$300,000/year for Canandaigua Winery

9. Truck Stop Electrification • Reduction of Long-Haul Truck Idling • First Demo on the NYS Thruway – 2 Rest Stops • Envisioned Expansion to I-95 Corridor and Beyond • Multi-State/EPA Workshop Planned – June, 2002

10. Truck Stop Electrification Benefits • Emissions Benefits • 22 Tons of CO2 Annually Per Truck • Reduction of 7 mil tons/yr Total for All Trucks Including Emissions from Electrical Generation • 390 Pounds of CO Annually Per Truck • 1,024 Pounds of NOx Annually Per Truck Other Benefits Market is 458,000 Class 7 & 8 Long Haul Trucks Fuel Savings – 838 mil gal/yr Nationwide Reduced Wear – Idling Equals 18,000 extra mi/yr on Truck Local Air Quality and Noise Reduction Impacts Off-Peak Power Usage

11. Hybrid Electric Taxi • High VMT, Urban Duty Cycle Market • GSM-Vehicle Integration; BAE-Hybrid Drive • 100,000 Vehicle/yr Urban Taxi Market • Additional 400,000/yr Light Delivery/Paratransit

12. Hybrid Electric Taxi Benefits Emissions Benefits 380,000 tons/yr Reduction in NY Greenhouse Gases (CO2); Nationwide, Could Reach 4 Million tons/year 30% Reduction in HC, CO, NOx, and PM Due to Reduced Fuel Use and Reduced Engine Transients Ozone Precursors & PM Reduced at Heart of Nonattainment Areas Larger GHG and Other Emission Reductions vs. SUVs/Minivans Proposed for Taxi Service Other Benefits Wheelchair Accessible - Low floor Design 40 mil gal/yr Cut in NY Gasoline Use; National Potential - 400 Mil gal/yr Paves Way for Fuel Cells and Other Electric-Drive Technologies

13. Advanced Transmission (CVT) • Folsom Corp-Continuously Variable Transmission • Breakthrough for High Torque, Heavy Vehicle Use • Cars, Light Trucks, SUVs, ATVs

14. Advanced CVT Benefits Emissions Benefits Potential 100 mil tons/yr Cut in U.S. Greenhouse Gases (CO2) >10% cuts in HC, CO, NOX, and PM Due to Reduced Fuel Use, Better Engine Management Other Benefits 10% Reduction in Fuel Consumption; 20% if Coupled to Hydraulic Regenerative Braking Potential >10 bil gal/yr Cut in U.S. Petroleum Consumption Potential Lower Manufacturing Cost and Higher Durability Lighter Weight, Fewer Moving Parts

15. Electric Postal Van • Baker Electromotive/Ford Motor Co. • Excellent Example of Specialty-Use Fleet Vehicle/Driving Cycle Technology Match • Short/Defined-Range Daily Use

16. Electric Postal Van Benefits Emissions Benefits 6,000 Vehicles Ordered Will Reduce: CO2 by 20,400 tons/year (Including Power Plant), HC by 11,000 lb/yr, CO by 143,000 lb/yr, NOX by 1,000 lb/yr Ozone Precursors and PM Reduced in Nonattainment Areas Additional Benefits with Greater Adoption: 100,000 Postal Vans, Other Fleets Other Benefits Off-Peak, Base-Load Generation Power Usage 6,000 Vehicles Will cut Gasoline Use by 4 mil gal/yr Local Air Quality Benefits Paves Way for Fuel Cells, Advanced Batteries, Other Electric-Drives

17. ETV Expansion NYSERDA is Considering a Broader Partnership with the EPA ETV Program to Support a Variety of Product Development and Testing Efforts • A Survey of our Contractors Shows There is Significant Interest in ETV • NYSERDA is Considering Cost-Sharing to Help NYS Product Developers Go Through ETV Process. We May Include This in Our Solicitations