Towards the extraction of transport and thermodynamic coefficients for the quark gluon plasma!

1. Towards the extraction of transport and thermodynamic coefficients for the quark gluon plasma! Roy A. Lacey Chemistry Dept., Stony Brook University

2. Study of the properties of the QGP is a central goal at RHIC “The major discoveries in the first five years at RHIC must be followed by a broad, quantitative study of the fundamental properties of the quark gluon plasma …” The Frontiers of Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan - 2007 Characterization T, cs, Critical End Point (CEP)? Meta-stable P-odd domains? QGP created  crossover transition Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook University, SEWM2010

3. hadronic phase and freeze-out QGP and hydrodynamic expansion initial state pre-equilibrium hadronization Which observable/s provide important constraints for QGP properties? Study Charge-asymmetry (P-odd Domains) Study Thermal photons (T) • Study how matter expands/flows under its own pressure? • Study how various probes (gluons,light-quarks, heavy-quarks, etc) interact with the medium (jet quenching)! Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook University, SEWM2010

4. QGP Temperature estimate QGP and hydrodynamic expansion QGP radiates photons hadronization Internal conversion used to suppress dominant background Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook University, SEWM2010

5. Hadronization hadronization Hadro-chemistry indicates a single Hadronization Temperature ~ 175 MeV, μB ~ 29 MeV (200 GeV) Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook University, SEWM2010

6. L or B Does the QGP provide new insights on P/CP invariance of the strong interaction ? Chiral magnetic effect Kharzeev et al Axial anomaly -> parity odd meta-stable domains in which Chiral chemical potential -> Asymmetric Azimuthal charge distribution See S. Voloshin’s talk Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook University, SEWM2010

7. Flow Probe arXiv:1003.5586 Flow Primary Control Parameters High precision double differential Measurements are pervasive Flow measurements are important probes for transport coefficients Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook University, SEWM2010

8. Radiative: Color charge scattering centers Range of Color Force Scattering Power Of Medium Density of Scattering centers Obtain via RAA measurements Jet Probe Jet Quenching jet suppression measurements are important probes for transport coefficients Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook University, SEWM2010

9. Remarkable scaling (& scaling violations) has been observed for both flow and RAA They lend profound insights, as well as constraints for rudimentary estimates of transport coefficients! Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook University, SEWM2010

10. Geometric Quantities for scaling Phys. Rev. C 81, 061901(R) (2010) B A • Geometric fluctuations (including those from odd harmonics) are very important • eccentricity estimates should be constrained by multiplicity density. Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook University, SEWM2010

11. Universal Scaling of RAA Motivating Idea! Beer Lambert’s law ln(T) Radiation energy loss L Dead cone effect Phys. Lett. B519, 199 (2001) Straightforward validation tests as a function of pT and L Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook University, SEWM2010

12. Scaling of Jet Quenching Phys.Rev.C80:051901,2009 Phys.Rev.Lett.103:142302,2009 Minimum L Requirement i.e. no corona quenching Scaling also validated for different system size etc! Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook University, SEWM2010

13. Scaling of Jet Quenching - Reaction plane dependence Estimates From slope Simultaneous scaling of RAA and v2 Further validation of path length scaling! Very important but no new information! Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook University, SEWM2010

14. Is Jet Quenching Anomalous? Phys.Rev.Lett.103:142302,2009 ~3 GeV Different Minimum L Requirement i.e. no corona quenching Quenching compatible with anisotropy  Anomalous quenching? Future B & D measurements (RAA & v2) at high pT will help! Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook University, SEWM2010

15. Is Jet Quenching Anomalous? Phys.Rev.Lett.103:142302,2009 ~3 GeV Quenching compatible with anisotropy  Anomalous quenching? Future B & D measurements (RAA & v2) at high pT will help! Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook University, SEWM2010

16. Is Jet Quenching Anomalous? PHENIX Silicon Vertex Detectors STAR Heavy Flavor Tracker Precision B & D measurements (RAA & v2) are now on the near horizon Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook University, SEWM2010

17. Baryons Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 162301 (2007) Mesons Universal scaling of harmonic flow at RHIC v2 scaling v4 scaling Universal scaling KET & nq (nq2)scaling validated for v2 (v4)  Partonic flow Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook University, SEWM2010

18. Flow scales across centrality PHENIX Preliminary PHENIX Preliminary PHENIX Preliminary PHENIX Preliminary PHENIX Preliminary PHENIX Preliminary KET & nq (nq2)scaling validated for v2 as a function of centrality Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook University, SEWM2010

19. Scaling constrains η/s Demir et al η/s from hadronic phase is very large 10-12x(1/4π) No room for such values! Partonic flow dominates! Hadronic contribution cannot be large Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook University, SEWM2010

20. Charm flows and scales PHENIX Final Run4 van Hees et al. PHENIX Preliminary Run7 Minimum bias Au+Au at √sNN = 200 GeV J/ v2 still challenged by statistics • Strong coupling • η/s - estimate Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook University, SEWM2010

21. V4/(v2)2 Ideal hydro Estimate  4π(η/s) ~ 1- 2 Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook University, SEWM2010

22. Scaling constrains η/s Chaudhuri Teaney Viscosity required for KET scaling  Lower Limit ? Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook University, SEWM2010

23. Model Comparison h/s ~ 0 h/s = 1/4p h/s = 2 x 1/4p h/s = 3 x 1/4p Extracted η/s is small Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook University, SEWM2010

24. Further constraints for η/s Constrained by data Geometry (from model) Data Hydro calculations Obtain from fits to data (viscous correction) Lattice EOS Teaney et al. Viscous correction influence v2/ε Strategy  quantify viscous Corrections via a fitting procedure, to obtain K as a function of Npart Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook University, SEWM2010

25. Knudsen Fits For pT> 3 GeV/c apparent viscous corrections decrease with pT Excellent simultaneous fits achieved Viscous corrections grow with pT Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook University, SEWM2010

26. Viscous Corrections Onset of suppression! CGC Glauber • Quadratic dependence of δf • Breakdown of hydrodynamic ansatz for K* ~ 1 • Onset of jet suppression Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook University, SEWM2010

27. KET/nq< 1GeV – soft physics • Hydrodynamic flow • Interplay soft-hard 3.0 < pT< 5 GeV/c • Hard dominates: pT> 5 GeV/c Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook University, SEWM2010

28. Temperature dependence of η/s G. Denicol et al v2 pT Relaxation time limits η/s to small values Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook University, SEWM2010

29. Phys.Rev.Lett.98:092301,2007 summary Relaxation time Koide et al Strong Coupling! For both light partons and heavy quarks The fluid which leads to large collective flow is also responsible for strong jet quenching !Detailed Calculations Required! Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook University, SEWM2010

30. End Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook University, SEWM2010

31. New constraint for η/s Use viscous corrections as a lever Dusling & Teaney arXiv:0909.0754 Song & Heinz arXiv:0712.3715 Use viscous corrections dominate for pT > 1 GeV/c Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook University, SEWM2010

32. Scaling of Jet Quenching - Reaction plane dependence Phys.Rev.C80:051901,2009 Phys.Rev.Lett.103:142302,2009 Estimates From slope Automatic accounting of high-pT v2 Further validation of path length scaling! Very important but no new information! Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook University, SEWM2010

33. v4/(v2)2 ratio same for different particle species V4 = k(v2)2 where k is the same for different particle species Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook University, SEWM2010

34. How are transport coefficients obtained from flow data? • Issues • Data (method, role of non- flow?) • pre vs. post hadronic • contributions • Species dependence • Extraction procedure • Initial conditions (ε) • Fit constraints • etc Comparisons to viscous hydrodynamics calculation Hydrodynamically inspired fits to Data Critical path issues are common to all methodologies • There are known known's • There are known unknowns • There unknown unknowns • D. Rumsfeld Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook University, SEWM2010

35. Participant eccentricity & deformation Phys. Rev. C 81, 061901(R) (2010) B A Au+Au New experimental constraint for Distinguishing Glauber and CGC Initial geometry! Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook University, SEWM2010

36. Hydrodynamic Model Comparison h/s ~ 0 h/s = 1/4p h/s = 2 x 1/4p h/s = 3 x 1/4p Initial conditions? Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook University, SEWM2010

37. η/s estimates • Issues • Data (role of non-flow?) • pre vs post hadronic • contributions • Extraction procedure • Initial conditions (ε) • Fit constraints • Species dependence • etc Uncertainty in critical path items is common to all methodologies Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook University, SEWM2010

38. Courtesy S. Bass hadronic phase and freeze-out QGP and hydrodynamic expansion initial state pre-equilibrium hadronization Source function (Distribution of pair separations) Correlation function Encodes FSI Indications of a crossover from space-time Measurements Hydrodynamic prediction Anatomy of a RHIC collision Puzzle ? hadronization Koonin Pratt Eqn. A Cross Over strongly affects the Space-time Dynamics Inversion of this integral equation  Source Function Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook University, SEWM2010

39. The transition is Not a Strong First order Phase Transition? Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 232301 (2008) • Therminator: • A.Kisiel et al. Comput.Phys.Commun.174, 669 (2006) • Thermal model with Bjorken longitudinal expansion and transverse Flow • Spectra & yields constrain thermal properties • Transverse radius ρmax : controls • transverse extent • Breakup time in fluid element rest frame, • : controls longitudinal extent • Emission duration : controls tails in • long and out directions • a controls x-t correlations Source Function Comparison to Models Give robust life time estimates  Consistent with Crossover transition Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook University, SEWM2010