Neuroanatomy for Exam #1 Basic Brain Anatomy Lange

1. Neuroanatomy for Exam #1 Basic Brain Anatomy Lange Biology 463 - Neurobiology

2. Figure 12.5: Ventricles of the brain, p. 434. Lateral ventricle Lateral ventricle Third ventricle Anterior horn Septum pellucidum Posterior horn Third ventricle Cerebral aqueduct Inter- ventricular foramen Cerebral aqueduct Fourth ventricle Inferior horn Median aperture Fourth ventricle Lateral aperture Central canal Central canal (a) Anterior view (b) Left lateral view

3. Figure 12.6a-b: Lobes and fissures of the cerebral hemispheres, p. 435. Central sulcus Precentral gyrus Postcentral gyrus Parietal lobe Frontal lobe Parieto-occipital sulcus (on medial surface of hemisphere) Frontal lobe Central sulcus Lateral sulcus Occipital lobe Temporal lobe Transverse cerebral fissure Cerebellum Pons (a) Medulla oblongata Spinal cord Gyri of insula Gyrus Temporal lobe (pulled down) Cortex (gray matter) Sulcus (b) White matter Fissure (a deep sulcus)

6. central canal - the cerebrospinal fluid-filled space that runs longitudinally through the length of the entire spinal cord central sulcus - a fold in the cerebral cortex in the brains of vertebrates cerebellum - a region of the brain that plays an important role in motor control. It may also be involved in some cognitive functions such as attention and language cingulate gyrus - a part of the brain situated in the medial aspect of the cerebral cortex receiving input from the thalamus corpus callosum - a wide, flat bundle of neural fibers beneath the cortex that connects the left and right cerebral hemispheres and facilitates interhemispheric communication fornix - a C-shaped bundle of fibers (axons) in the brain, and carries signals from the hippocampus to the hypothalamus frontal lobe - the front region of the cerebrum hippocampus - plays important roles in the consolidation of information from short-term memory to long-term memory hypothalamus - a portion of the brain that contains a number of small nuclei with a variety of functions. The most important functions of the hypothalamus is to link the nervous system to the endocrine system via the pituitary gland.

7. lateral sulcus - divides the frontal lobe and parietal lobe above from the temporal lobe below longitudinal fissure - the deep groove that separates the two hemispheres of the vertebrate brain medulla oblongota - contains the cardiac, respiratory, vomiting and vasomotor centers and deals with autonomic (involuntary) functions, such as breathing, heart rate and blood pressure occipital lobe - the visual processing center of the mammalian brain parietal lobe - integrates sensory information from different modalities, particularly determining spatial sense and navigation pineal body - a small endocrine gland in the vertebrate brain that produces melatonin, a hormone that affects the modulation of sleep pituitary gland - the master control gland of the mammalian body pons - nuclei that transmit neural input from the periphery to the cerebrum that deal primarily with sleep, respiration, swallowing, bladder control, hearing, equilibrium, taste, eye movement, facial expressions, facial sensation, and posture. postcentral gyrus - prominent structure in the parietal lobe of the human brain and an important landmark. It is the location of the primary somatosensory cortex

8. precentral gyrus - prominent structure in the frontal lobe of the human brain and an important landmark. It is the location of the primary motor cortex cortex temporal lobe - region of the cerebral cortex involved in the retention of visual memories, processing sensory input, comprehending language, thalamus - relay center for both sensory and motor input to the cortex Cerebrospinal Fluid Filled Spaces: cerebral aqueduct - within the mesencephalon, this space contains cerebrospinal fluid and connects the third ventricle to the fourth ventricle fourth ventricle - CFS filled space in the brain interventricular foramen - channels that connect the paired lateral ventricles with the third ventricle at the midline of the brain lateral ventricle - CFS filled space in the brain third ventricle - CFS filled space in the brain