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A.P. UNITED STATES HISTORY

A.P. UNITED STATES HISTORY. U.S. History First Half Review. I. Importance/Emphasis on Religion. Protestant Reformation Roman Catholic Church Petrine Theory Slide 19 “Bishop of Rome” Powers of the Pope Excommunication. Interdict Martin Luther Slide 20 “Faith vs. Works”

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A.P. UNITED STATES HISTORY

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  1. A.P. UNITED STATES HISTORY U.S. History First Half Review

  2. I. Importance/Emphasis on Religion • Protestant Reformation • Roman Catholic Church • Petrine Theory • Slide 19 • “Bishop of Rome” • Powers of the Pope • Excommunication • Interdict • Martin Luther • Slide 20 • “Faith vs. Works” • “the just shall live by faith” • Indulgences • Johann Tetzel

  3. I. Importance/Emphasis on Religion • Mass • Transubstantiation • Consubstantiation • Ninety-Five Theses • Wittenberg • Diet of Worms • Excommunication • “Here I make my stand, I cannot recant. God be with me.” • Protestant • Lutheran • John Calvin • Presbyterian Church

  4. I. Importance/Emphasis on Religion • Predestination • “the elect” • Institutes of the Christian Religion • Henry VIII • Slide 21 • The Divorce • Catherine of Aragon • Annulment • Spain • Anglican (Church of England) • Episcopal • Counter-Reformation • Jesuits • “Teaching” Priests

  5. I. Importance/Emphasis on Religion • Jesuit Colleges • Loyola College • Spring Hill College • Inquisition • Slide 22 • Heresy • Puritans • Moral Codes • Threat to the Social Order • Critical of Church/State • Theocracy • Pilgrims • Plymouth Rock • Massachusetts Bay Colony

  6. I. Importance/Emphasis on Religion • John Winthrop • “city on a hill” • Salem • “Jeremiads” • Witchcraft • Tituba • Spectral Evidence • “Outlivers” • Slide 23 • Demise of the Puritans • Yankees • The Great Awakening • Frontier Revivalism • Enlightenment

  7. I. Importance/Emphasis on Religion • Faith vs. Reason • Alexis de Tocqueville • Democracy in America • America is unlike any European nation due to their reliance upon religion

  8. II. The French Revolution • Old Regime • Bourbon Dynasty • Louis XIV • “the Sun King” • “I am touched” • Versailles • Slide 24 • Three Estates • First-Clergy (Tax Free) • Second-Nobility • Third-Commoners (96% of population) • Bankruptcy • Taxation

  9. II. The French Revolution • First/Second Estates were exempt • Revolt Against Louis XVI • Marie Antoinette • 14 July 1789 • Slide 25 • Declaration of the Rights of Man • “Unholy Trinity” • Robespierre • Danton • Marat • “the body politic”

  10. II. The French Revolution • Anything harmful must be purged • First Estate • Second Estate • Reign of Terror • “purging the body politic” • Louis Guillotine • Slide 26 • 16.000-40,000 • Fear of Democracy • Napoleon Bonaparte • The Directory • Napoleon I • Slide 27

  11. II. The French Revolution • Napoleonic Wars • Louisiana Purchase • 828,000 Square Miles (3¢/Acre) • Slide 28 • Napoleon Invades Russia • Slide 29 • Napoleon Abdicates • Elba • The Hundred Days • Waterloo (June 1815) • St. Helena’s Island • Louis XVII • Congress of Vienna

  12. III. Jefferson vs. Hamilton • Slide 30 • Revolutionary Ideas • Egalitarianism • Gender Roles • George Washington • Deference • Thomas Jefferson • Alexander Hamilton • Jefferson’s Ideology • Democracy • Nobility of All Men • Strict Construction • Pro-Agrarian • Pro-France • Democratic-Republican Party

  13. III. Jefferson vs. Hamilton • Hamilton’s Ideology • Republican • Oligarchic • Depravity of Man • Loose Construction • Pro-Industry • Tariffs • Pro-Britain • Federalist Party • Election of 1800 • “Revolution of 1800” • Twelfth Amendment • 11 July 1804 • Weehawken, NJ • Federalist Judges • John Marshall

  14. IV. Westward Expansion • Post-Revolutionary War (Ohio River Valley to the Western Frontier) • Slide 31 • Louisiana Purchase • Slide 32 • Missouri Compromise • 36° 30’ • Slide 33 • Compromise of 1850 • Slide 34 • One Slave; One Free • Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854) • Slide 35

  15. IV. Westward Expansion • Intercontinental Railroad • Francis Parkman • “most fundamental aspect of U.S. History” • Cause of American Civil War????

  16. V. Slavery • “The Peculiar Institution” • North: Anti-Slavery • Not conducive to Factories • Irish • South: Pro-Slavery • Untrained Labor • the Planter Aristocracy • Controversies • Ostend Manifesto • Acquire Cuba at “any cost” • Defeated due to fear of spread of slavery

  17. V. Slavery • Wilmot Proviso • 1840-1860 • No Slavery in any territory acquired from Mexico • Death of Whig Party • Conscience Whigs • Cotton Whigs • John Brown • Slide 36 • Harper’s Ferry • Prophecy • Ralph Waldo Emerson: “one day the gallows will be as hallowed as the cross”

  18. V. Slavery • Election of 1860 • Slide 37 • Lincoln Elected • Did not appear on any Southern ballot • Lower South Secedes • South Carolina • U.S. Forts in Southern Territory • Fort Sumter • Bombing of Fort Sumter • Upper South Secedes • Slide 38

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