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Genetics Vocab

Genetics Vocab. What are terms and ideas that you don’t know. Genetics Definitions. Genotype- Genetic make up of an organism (The alleles an organism has) Ex Bb or BB Phenotype- The physical characteristic of a person (What you can see) Ex Brown hair, Blonde hair

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Genetics Vocab

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  1. Genetics Vocab

  2. What are terms and ideas that you don’t know

  3. Genetics Definitions • Genotype- Genetic make up of an organism (The alleles an organism has) • Ex Bb or BB • Phenotype- The physical characteristic of a person (What you can see) • Ex Brown hair, Blonde hair • Heterozygous- An organism that has different alleles for the same trait • Ex Bb • Homozygous- An organism that has two identical alleles for a particular trait • Can be Homozygous Dominant BB or Homozygous recessive bb

  4. Punnet squares are tools used to determine the possibility a trait will be inherited • It can determine the CHANCE a specific trait will be inherited if the parents genotype for a trait is known • Trait is written with the First Letter of the dominant trait • Dominant trait is written with a capital letter • Recessive trait is written with a lower case letter

  5. What will the genotype and phenotype ratio be a Heterozygous woman and a Homozygous Dominant Father if Brown eyes are dominant over blue eyes? Dad's Genotype (represents sperm created in Meiosis Genotype Ratio 1:1 BB to Bb Phenotype Ratio 4:0 Brown eyes to Blue Eyes B b Mom’s Genotype (represents eggs created in Meiosis) B B B B B B B b B b

  6. If a heterozygous tall plant is bred with a short plant what genotypes can be present Genotype (represents sperm created in Meiosis Genotypes TT tt T t Genotype (represents eggs created in Meiosis) t t T t T t T t t t

  7. Incomplete Dominance • The phenotype is a mix of the two phenotypes Ex: Red and White flowers mix • Alleles are written with the first letter of both Traits R and W RR= RED WW=White RW=Pink • Co-Dominance Both Alleles contribute to the phenotype Ex: Red and White Flowers could make splotchy Flowers • RR= Red WW=White RW=Splotchy

  8. In four o’clock flowers The genes for red color and for white color produce a pink color. If two pink flowers are crossed what color of flowers will result? Pink Flowers Genotype sperm created in Meiosis Genotype Ratio 1:2:1 RR: RW:WW Phenotype Ratio 1:2:1 RED:PINK:WHITE R W Pink Flowers Genotype (represents eggs created in Meiosis) R W R W R W R R W W

  9. CO-DOMINANCE • In cattle The genes for red (R) and for white (W) result in a speckled coat called roan. If a white cow and a roan bull what color of offspring would be predicted? Roan Bull’s Genotype sperm created in Meiosis White Cow’s Genotype (represents eggs created in Meiosis) Genotype Ratio 1:1 RW:WW Phenotype Ratio 1:1 ROAN:WHITE W W R W W W W W R R W W

  10. Sex Linked Traits • Located on 23rd Chromosome • Males have only one X chromosome Thus all X linked alleles are expressed in males even if they are recessive • They do not have another X chromosome to cover the allele

  11. Color blindness (Xb) is a recessive sex linked trait. The normal gene is Expressed like This (XB) Determine the sex, and % of color blind children created from a heterozygous normal mother and a color blind father Fathers Genotype sperm created in Meiosis 50% Females 25% color blind color blind females 50 Males 25% color blind males Xb XB Mothers Genotype (represents eggs created in Meiosis) Xb Y Xb XB Xb XB Xb Xb Y Y

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