The Reproductive System

1. The Reproductive System T. SANAA ABD ELHAMED

2. OBJECTIVES After study this chapter, you should be able to: • Describe the structure of reproductive system. • Label a diagram of internal or external reproductive system. • Identify and use roots pertaining to the reproductive system. • Describe the main disorders that affect the reproductive system. • Interpret abbreviations used in relation to reproductive system. • Analyze case studies pertaining to the reproductive system.

3. Male Reproductive System Structure

5. Medical Terms Related To The M.R.S • Scrotum:the external sac that holds the testes. • Testis:one of two male sex glands that produce the spermatozoa, also known as testicle. The combining forms test/o, didym/o,orch/o, orchi/o and orchid/o all mean testis.

6. Orchidalgia: pain in the testis. • Orchidectomy: surgical removal of a testis. • Orchidopexy: surgical fixation of an undescended testis in the scrotum. The suffix –pexy means to fix.

7. Semen: thick pale fluid containing spermatozoa, produced by the testes and seminal vesicles, and ejaculated from the penis. The combining form is semin/o. • Spermatozoon: a mature male sex cell, also known as sperm. The combining form is spermat/o. the plural is spermatozoa.

8. Anorchism: means absence of one or both of testes. • Infertility: not being able to produce children. The prefix in- means not. • Spermatogenesis: producing sperm. The suffix -genesis means producing or forming.

9. Azoospermia: means complete absence of sperm from the semen. The prefix a- means without. The combining form zoosperm/o means spermatozoon. The suffix -ia means abnormal condition. • Oligospermia: a deficient amount of sperms in the semen. The prefix oligo- means few.

10. Vas deferens: one of two tubes along which sperm passes from the epididymis to the prostate gland for ejaculation. • Vasectomy: surgical removal of the vas deferens. The combining form vas/o means vas or ductus. Vasectomy is a method of male sterilization.

11. Prostate: a gland in men which produces a secretion in which sperm cells float. The combining form is prostat/o. • Prostatitis: inflammation of the prostate gland. • Prostatectomy: surgical removal to the prostate gland. • Prostatomegaly: enlargment of the prostate gland.

12. Impotence: an inability to have erection or ejaculate, and so have sexual intercourse. • Hydrocele: collection of watery fluid in a sac, usually the sac surrounding the testes. The prefix hydro- means water. And the suffix –cele means tumour or swellling.

13. Female Reproductive System Structure

14. Medical Terms Related To The F.R.S • Ovary: one of two organs in women which produce ova or egg cells and secrete the female hormone oestrogen. The combining form ovari/o means an ovary. • Ovum: a female egg cell. The combining forms ovi/o, ov/o and oo/o all means an ovum.

15. Oogenesis: formation and development of ova. • Oophorectomy: surgical removal of an ovary. The combining forms oophar/o and ovari/o means an ovary. • Oophoritis: inflammation of an ovary. • Oophoropexy: surgical fixation of an ovary.

16. Ovulation:released of a matured ovum from the ovarian follicle into the Fallopian tube. • Embryo: unborn baby during the first 8 weeks after conception. • Fetus: unborn baby in the womb. The combining form fet/o means fetus.

17. Vagina: muscular tube lined with mucosa that extends from the cervix to the outside of the body. The combining form is vagin/o. • Vaginoscopy: visual examination of the vagina. • Uterus: a hallow organ in a woman’s pelvic activity, behind the bladder and in front of the rectum, also known as WOMB.

18. Placenta: tissue which grows inside the uterus during the pregnancy and links the baby to the mother. The combining form is placent/o. • Placentography: an x-ray examination of the placenta of a pregnant women after a radio-opaque dye has been injected.

19. Salpingitis: inflammation of one or both of the Fallopian tubes. The combining form salping/o means Fallopian tubes. • Cervix: the neck of the uterus, the narrow lower part of the uterus leading into the vagina. The combining form cervic/o means cervix or neck.

20. Metritis: inflammation of the uterus. The combining form metr/o means uterus. • Menstruation: bleeding from the uterus which occur in a woman each month. The combining forms men/o, menstru/o and menstruat/o all means menstruation.

21. Genitalia: particularly the external parts of the reproductive system either male or female. The combining form is genit/o. • Gestation: means a period from conception to birth (usually about 9 months). • Gyaenecology: study of the diseases of women, particularly those affecting the reproductive system. The combining form gyaenec/o means women.

22. Obstetrics: a branch of medicine and surgery dealing with pregnancy, childbirth and the period immediately after childbirth. • Hysterectomy:surgical removal of the uterus. The combining form hyster/o means uterus.

23. Mammary: pertianing to the breast. Mamm/o is the combining form. • Mammography: examination of the breast using special x-ray technique. • Mammoplasty: surgical repair of the breast in order to alter their shape or increase or decrease their size.