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Loading Simulation Program in C++ (LSPC)

Loading Simulation Program in C++ (LSPC). John Riverson Tetra Tech Inc. Presentation Outline. LSPC Design Considerations LSPC GIS Control Center LSPC Model. LSPC Overview. LSPC = Loading Simulation Program, C++

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Loading Simulation Program in C++ (LSPC)

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  1. Loading Simulation Program in C++ (LSPC) John Riverson Tetra Tech Inc.

  2. Presentation Outline • LSPC Design Considerations • LSPC GIS Control Center • LSPC Model

  3. LSPC Overview • LSPC = Loading Simulation Program, C++ • Streamlined Hydrologic Simulation Program Fortran (HSPF) algorithms for pervious and impervious land flow and pollutant transport, coded with Visual C++ in an object-oriented environment • Visual C++ programming architecture allows for seamless integration with modern-day, widely available software such as Microsoft Access, and Excel • Key watershed modeling component of the TMDL Toolbox (developed and maintained by EPA Region 4 with support from Tetra Tech) • TMDLs successfully developed in AL, MS, SC, GA, CA, KY, TN, WV, VA, MD, AZ, OH, Puerto Rico, and U.S.V.I.

  4. LSPC Key Design Considerations • Potential for very large-scale modeling (e.g. HUC-wide or Statewide) • Increase efficiency of model setup and execution (eliminate unnecessary, repetitive user input, hence minimizes the chance of human error) • Simplify model output • Tailored for TMDL development • Handles potential nonpoint and point sources • Calculation tools • Archival system

  5. Key Design Considerations, cont. • Highly adaptable design and programming architecture that allows for future modular additions and/or improvements • Simplify model sharing and distribution The LSPC Map Objects GIS interface, which is compatible with ArcView shapefiles, acts as the control center for launching watershed model scenarios. The stand-alone interface communicates with shapefiles and the Access database. Therefore, once a watershed system is created, it is easily transferable to users who may not have ArcView or MS Access

  6. LSPC Components • Stand-alone GIS control center • Data management tools • Data inventory tools • Data analysis tools • Dynamic watershed model • TMDL calculation • Model results analysis

  7. Component Interactions LSPC Model MS Access Database LSPC Weather text file

  8. LSPC Data Flow Schematic Spatial Inventory Database GIS Layers • Watershed data • Land use area • Reach geometry • Point source monitoring data • Permit limits • Watershed • delineation • Reaches • 303(d) list • Location of point • sources • Location of water • quality stations • Location of gage • stations Watershed Model and TMDL Tool Data Management • Environmental data • Weather data • Water quality monitoring data • USGS gage data • Soil distribution Interactive GIS Control Center Data Analysis Tool • Model Results • Simulation Results • Loading distribution (land use) • Loads discharge into reach • Violation distribution

  9. Exploring LSPC Functionality GIS Control Center Watershed Model

  10. GIS Control Center

  11. LSPC GIS Interface • Once a project is created, LSPC can view GIS layers (shape files) and operate independent of ArcView or Spatial Analyst • GIS Interface supports some basic GIS functions • Zoom in/out, Pan • Identify tool • Shape selection • Add/remove/move points in point themes • Edit associated attribute data

  12. GIS Layer Definition These defined layers are used in the system for data linkage • Watershed • Reach • Discharge • General • Gage • Listed water • Water quality

  13. Data management & Data Inventory • Data management allows users to edit Access database tables from LSPC • Data inventory tool allows user to launch queries, built data reports, and analyze model results

  14. MS Access Database Data Management • Data Management • User is provided a window to select a table in the database to lookup • LSPC calls MS Access database file in the background

  15. MS Access Database Data Management • Accesible Tables Include: • Point Sources • Simulation Time • File Paths • Landuse • Model Mapping • Weather Stations • WQ Parameters • WQ Data

  16. Data Inventory • Some of the predefined queries are: • Watershed/sub-watershed characteristics • Land use summary • Statistics for water quality and flow data • Modeled results summaries

  17. Data Inventory MS Access Database 1. Select Category 2. Select Query (Shift for multiple) 3. View Summary Table

  18. Data Analysis • View water quality data • View USGS flow data • View input weather data • View Model Results • Statistics of any time series • Correlation analysis • Violation Analysis

  19. Data Analysis • Available datasets • Flow data • WQ data • Model output • Avalable timeseries within selected dataset

  20. Watershed Model

  21. Modules from HSPF

  22. Data Representation in LSPC Each Subwatershed: • Landuse Distribution • Weather Data • Representative Soil Type Each Landuse (Physical): • Average Slope • Average length of overland flow Each Landuse (Process): • Hydrology • Sediment yield • Pollutant load generation

  23. Subwatershed Delineation • Subdivision of the watershed intro discrete components • Delineation based on: • elevation (topographic data) • stream connectivity • location of flow and water quality monitoring stations • Each subwatershed is modeled with 1 representative stream • Each subwatershed is modeled with 1 representative meteorological time series

  24. Top-down Modeling Approach Project 1 (upstream) • User may choose to run the model in sections to optimize calibration time. Calibration Point Project 2 (downstream)

  25. Land Simulation • Each subwatershed is represented by multiple land units (based on landuse coverages) • Land units are either pervious or impervious • Model algorithms are run for each individual land unit

  26. Model Parameter Mapping • Designed to facilitate the development of regional comprehensive default parameter databases • Automatic parameter mapping is based on systematically similar physical attributes (i.e. soil hydrology characteristics) • Model Parameter Options • Save calibrated model parameters • Add new parameter set to the database

  27. Model Parameter Mapping Default Parameter Watershed Group 1 Soil type A Watershed 1 (A) Soil type B Watershed 2 (A) Group 2 Watershed 3 (C) Soil type C Watershed 4 (D) Soil type D Group 3 Watershed 5 (A) Soil type A(1) Watershed 6 (B) Soil type B(2) Group 4 Watershed 7 (C) Soil type C(3) Watershed 8 (C) Soil type D(4)

  28. GIS analysis is used to determine subbasin physical attributes and select associated initial model parameters Mapping modeling parameters Model parameter database Model interface loads parameters User may edit parameters Add new Parameter set Update parameters Run Model Update default parameters Add new default set

  29. Weather Data Application Land Reaches Required Sediment Quality Optional Water Water Temp Snow Heat Precipitation Pot. ET Air Temperature Wind Speed Solar Radiation Dewpoint Temp. Cloud Cover

  30. Hydrologic Components: Precipitation Interception Evapotranspiration Overland flow Infiltration Interflow Subsurface storage Groundwater flow Groundwater loss Hydrology Source: Stanford Watershed Model

  31. Components of Hydrograph Surface runoff - overland flow Runoff Interflow - flow through surficial layers of soil Interflow Baseflow - groundwater seepage from springs and aquifers directly to the stream channel Baseflow

  32. Precipitation Atmospheric Conditions Snow or Rain Evaporation from Snow Pack Liquid Snow Total Snow Pack Ground Ice Snowmelt Schematic

  33. Stream Hydraulics • Completely mixed reach (single layer) • Unidirectional flow • Flow routing by kinematic wave or storage-routing method (i.e. conservation of momentum not considered) • Requires function table (F-Table) for depth-volume-discharge relationship for each reach. • Calculates outflow, depth, volume, surface area, and selected auxiliary variables (velocity, cross-sectional area, bed shear velocity/stress)

  34. Area (surface) = Top width * length Volume = Cross sectional area * length Outflow can be withdrawal, spillway discharge or outflow at the downstream end of a reach Stream Flow = Cross sectional area * velocity Area Volume Depth Outflow 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.08 10.81 0.86 2.12 0.80 11.36 8.84 98.09 1.20 11.68 13.45 192.51 Function Table Q1 = A1 V1 m21 1 m11 m21 1 1 Q2 = A2 V2

  35. LSPC F-Table / Cross-Section Tool Draw/Refine Stream Cross-sections LSPC computes associated F-Table

  36. Erosion and Sediment Processes • Pervious land areas • Erosion is a function of land use activity, soil characteristics, slope, land cover, and precipitation • Erosion occurs due to rainfall “energy” • Detachment of soil particles • Washoff of detached material Raindrop impact detaches soil particles

  37. Common to both pervious and impervious land Net vertical sediment input Lateral input of sediment to surface Transport offsite of detached sediment Detached sediment storage Total removal of soil and sediment Sediment attachment Detachment of soil by rainfall Soil Matrix Scour of soil matrix Sediment Processes

  38. Sediment Budget and Transport • Land Processes • Production and removal of sediment from land • Washoff of loose sediment • Scouring of soil matrix • Stream Channel Processes • Transport, deposition and scour of sediment in the stream channels

  39. Overland Water Quality Processes • Urban Land Units • Impervious areas • Dust and dirt build-up functions • Pervious areas • Dissolved pollutants with runoff • Erosion and adsorbed pollutants with sediment • Rural Land Units • Erosion and adsorbed pollutants with sediment • Dissolved pollutants with runoff

  40. Build up 1 1 1 Washoff 2 2 Overland General Quality(Rainfall-driven processes) Constituent Build-up • Accumulation at a constant rate for a constituent • Computed at daily time interval Limit Storage Time Change of storage with time

  41. In-stream Simulation of Generalized Quality Constituent • Simulates dissolved and sediment associated general quality constituents • Processes applicable to dissolved general quality constituents include: • Advection of dissolved material (dominant process in the watershed) • Decay processes (1st order decay used to represent net nutrient losses attributed to settling, transformations, etc.)

  42. Model Results Analysis • General data analysis tool • Analyze timeseries flows and concentrations • Evaluate average annual loads by landuse/subbasin • Generate unit load calculations and summaries • Generate loading and allocation tables • Customized data analysis • Uses standard MS Access queries • Results are easily pasted into Excel for analysis not provided within the system itself

  43. Model Results • Model results saved in the following tables: • Annual loads of each land use for every subwatershed (Baseline and TMDL) • Annual loads transported to the stream (Baseline and TMDL) • Pollutant adjustment scenarios by land use and by watershed

  44. Hydrology Calibration • Analytical Considerations • Annual water balance • Seasonal / monthly distribution • Distribution of hydrograph components • Storm flow • Base flow • Snowfall / snowmelt influence Level of Effort

  45. Hydrology Calibration Methods • Hourly/Daily/Monthly Timeseries • Monthly Scatter/Balance Plots • Seasonal Plots (Multi-Year Composites) • Flow Duration Curves • Flow Accumulation Curves • Cumulative Error Statistics • Hydrograph Components

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