Ancient India Chapter 3 (Sec . 1 & 2)

1. Ancient India Chapter 3 (Sec. 1 & 2)

2. I. Geography A. Subcontinent of South Asia B. Modern Pakistan, Bangladesh, & India

3. C. Indus River Valley civ. started 3000 BC

4. D. Regions of India: 1. Northern Plain*Indus & Ganges Rivers

5. Ganges River “River of Life” *sacred Hindu river

6. 2. TibetainPlatueu Himalayan Mts. “Place of the Snow” Mt. Everest 29,035 ft. high Chomolungma*Tibetan name “Goddess Mother of the World” Sir George Everest 1865

8. Edmund Hillary *1st to climb 1953 Hilary & Tenzig Norgay

9. 3. Hindu Kush Mts. Khyber Pass*migrating & invading tribes

10. 4. Deccan(Southland) triangle shaped plateau 5. Costal Rim agriculture & fishing Bay of Bengal - East Arabian Sea - West

11. E. Monsoon *seasonal winds Summer Monsoon June - Sept torrential rain sign of goodness of heaven Winter Monsoon Nov. - May drought

13. II. Ancient Cities A. Twin Capitals: Harappa & Mohenjo-Daro “Place of the Dead”

14. Harappa MohenjoDaro

15. Dravidians *descendants of ancient Harappan’s

17. The so-called "Priest King" from Mohenjo-daro, by far the the best known ancient Indus figure

18. MohenjoDaro Great Bath

19. The Great Bath, Mohenjo-daro Ancient Indus Street, Mohenjo-daro

20. View from Stupa towards Great Bath, Mohenjo-daro Ancient Indus Valley City Well, Mohenjo-daro, Sindh

21. The Buddhist Stupa (circa 200 A.D.), Mohenjo-daro Mohenjodaro, Larkana District, Sindh, Pakistan

22. B. 1st planned cities *city blocks Citadel *Fortress Kilns *ovens to bake bricks

24. C. Theocracy (Priest – Kings) controlled each city Unicorn*sacred mythical creature Animism spirits inhabit things of nature (trees & animals )

25. III. Aryans 1500 BC - 1000 BC A. Indo-European nomads Invaded India 1500 BC Khyber Pass (Hindu Kush) sheep & cattle herders War*desire for more cattle

26. Indo-Europeans/Aryans

27. B. Tribes group of related families common ancestor

28. C. Rajah - Prince elected chief / leader in war D. Maharaja - Great Prince or King

29. E. Religion Vedic Age 1500 BC - 1000 BC Rig Vedas(Knowledge) *AryanSacredbooks *oldest religious document in the world

30. Gods represented forces of nature Sky / Father Earth / Mother That One - Supreme God *created universe Indra - Warrior god Brahmins - Priests Indra

31. F. Literature Sanskrit*Aryan written language 1000 BC India’s Historical Epics: 1. Ramayana *the duties & ideals of Aryan Warrior Rama - Ideal king Sita- faithful wife

32. 2. Mahabharata 100 BC *World’ s longest poem 90,000 stanzas War between Arjuna & Cousin

33. G. Society in Ancient India 1. Social Classes: Caste System *social group based on birth strict set of rules prohibited marriages between members of different castes Priests: Brahmans Warriors: Kshatriyas Landowners, merchants, herders: Vaisyas Servants & peasants: Sudras Untouchables *lowest Caste 3000sub castes

35. The Brahmins, or priests: • the highest varna, believed to have emerged from Brahma's mouth. • The Kshatriyas: • the warrior or ruling class who were made from Brahma's arms. • The Vaishyas: • merchants or artisans who came from Brahma's thighs. • The Shudras: • the unskilled labourers and servants who emerged from Brahma's feet. These were the lowest class, or varna. • The Untouchables: • those too lowly to be within the varna system. • The Brahmins, or priests: • the highest varna, believed to have emerged from Brahma's mouth. • The Kshatriyas: • the warrior or ruling class who were made from Brahma's arms. • The Vaishyas: • merchants or artisans who came from Brahma's thighs. • The Shudras: • the unskilled labourers and servants who emerged from Brahma's feet. These were the lowest class, or varna. • The Untouchables: • those too lowly to be within the varna system. • The Brahmins, or priests: • the highest varna, believed to have emerged from Brahma's mouth. • The Kshatriyas: • the warrior or ruling class who were made from Brahma's arms. • The Vaishyas: • merchants or artisans who came from Brahma's thighs. • The Shudras: • the unskilled labourers and servants who emerged from Brahma's feet. These were the lowest class, or varna. • The Untouchables: • those too lowly to be within the varna system. • The Brahmins, or priests: • the highest varna, believed to have emerged from Brahma's mouth. • The Kshatriyas: • the warrior or ruling class who were made from Brahma's arms. • The Vaishyas: • merchants or artisans who came from Brahma's thighs. • The Shudras: • the unskilled labourers and servants who emerged from Brahma's feet. These were the lowest class, or varna. • The Untouchables: • those too lowly to be within the varna system.

37. 2. Extended Family *3 generations lived together grandparents, parents, & children Dowry - gift of money or goods for daughters marriage

38. 3. Guru - teacher

39. 4. Suttee*ceremonial suicide women threw herself on husbands funeral fire

40. IV. Two Major Religions of India A. Hinduism *Major Religion of India ** worlds oldest religion dev. from Aryan beliefs & Vedas

41. Concepts of Hinduism: 1. Brahman *single supreme force uniting everything in universe 2. Atman(Soul)

42. 3. Karma all actions in this life affect rebirth in next life Law of Karma Evil *punished souls reborn lower caste Good *born higher caste

43. 4. Dharma (divine law) laws regulating actions of caste members ex. Brahmins can’t eat meat *Untouchables must tap 2 sticks **Caste system reinforces Hinduism

44. 5. Yoga(union) physical & mental discipline

45. 6. Trimuti**3 main gods of Hinduism: a. Brahma - Creator of World Drum symbol of creation 33,000 different Hindu Gods

46. b. Vishnu - Preserver of World

47. c. Shiva Destroyer of World Flame *symbol of destruction

48. 7. Reincarnation *soul reborn

49. B. Buddhism:2ndmajor religion of India Siddhartha Gautama563 BC - 483 BC Buddha“Enlightened One”

50. 1. Great Renunciation (Age of 29) Old Man, Sick Man, & Dead man “Would that sickness, age, and death be forever bound!” Buddha: search for truth & cure of human suffering