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Week 4 Overview

Week 4 Overview. Review homework-oral practice Getting ready for the test using pages 25-32 in syllabus Chapter 4- pages 40-59-lecture- outline in syllabus pages 33-36 Abbreviation set 4 Homework. Pages 25-32- Study for next weeks test- Questions?.

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Week 4 Overview

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  1. Week 4 Overview • Review homework-oral practice • Getting ready for the test using pages 25-32 in syllabus • Chapter 4- pages 40-59-lecture- outline in syllabus pages 33-36 • Abbreviation set 4 • Homework

  2. Pages 25-32- Study for next weeks test- Questions?

  3. Week #4 Body StructureThe Body as a Whole

  4. Anatomy The study of body structure • Physiology The study of body function

  5. The body has levels of organization • Cells - Cyt/o - cytology • the study of cells • the basic structural units of life • Tissue - Hist/o - histology • the study of tissues • a group of specialized cells that join to perform specific functions • Organ • two or more tissue types • Systems • a group of organs and tissues that are organized to perform a function • Organism • The 10-11 systems that together make up the human organism capable of independent existence

  6. Body Systems • Integumentary • Gastrointestinal-GI (Digestive) • Respiratory • Cardiovascular-CV (Circulatory) • Immune (Blood and Lymph) • Musculoskeletal • Urinary- GU (Genitourinary MR) • Female Reproduction (Reproduction) • Endocrine • Nervous • (Special Senses)

  7. The Disease Process • Etiology - the study of the cause of the disease • Idiopathic - unknown origin • Pathology - the study of disease • Pathogenesis - the origin or development of a disease

  8. Diagnosis - Dx - putting a picture together about the patient • Signs and Symptoms (S&Sx) • Sign is something that can be seen, heard, smelled, or felt- objective information • Symptom is something the patient complains about- subjective information • R/O - rule out a diagnosis or diagnoses

  9. Prognosis - the outcome of a disease • Good prognosis – Strepthroat • Poor prognosis - HIV (human • immunodeficiency virus)

  10. Treatment - Tx - Treatment of a disease • Medical • Medication • Surgical • Remove/Repair • Combination of both Both forms of treatment can be either cure or palliative (treat signs and symptoms)

  11. ` • Standing erect • face, palms, and feet forward ANATOMICAL POSITION Always refer to the patient’s right and left

  12. Body Planes, Body Cavities, and the Spine

  13. Body Planes Imaginary lines drawn through the body to separate the body into sections/ divisions.

  14. Midsagittal or Median: Anatomical Division Divides the body into right and left sides

  15. Coronal or Frontal Plane: Anatomical Division Divides the body into Anterior-Front and Posterior- back sections.

  16. Transverse or Horizontal Plane: Anatomical Division Divides the body into a Superior- top and Inferior- bottom half

  17. Next we will look at the vertebrae: • The medical terms for the spine are • Vertebr/o • Spondyl/o

  18. Cervical-7- C1-C-7-located in the neck • Thoracic-12- T1-T12- located in the upper back • Lumbar- 5- L1-L5- located in the lower back • Sacrum- which is 5 fused vertebrae • Coccyx- which is up to 4 tiny fused bones The Human Vertebrae

  19. The first cervical vertebrae located in the neck is called the atlas

  20. The second cervical vertebrae is called the Axis

  21. Body Cavities: Spaces within the body which contain vital organs-

  22. Dorsal (Back side) 1. Cranial Cavity = contains the brain 2. Spinal Cavity = contains the spinal cord

  23. Ventral (belly side) Cavities: 1. Thoracic Cavity = located in the chest, contains the heart, lungs, and the large blood vessels

  24. Abdominopelvic Cavity 2. Abdominopelvic Cavity This large cavity contains organs of digestion, reproduction and urinary systems. It also contains the spleen which is part of the immune system.

  25. Abdominopelvic: Quadrants 1. Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ) 2. Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ) 3. Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ) 4. Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ)

  26. Quadrants and the organs they contain • RUQ- Liver, Gallbladder • RLQ- Appendix, Female Reproduction • LUQ- Stomach, Pancreas, Spleen • LLQ- Sigmoid Colon, Female Reproduction

  27. Directional Terms • Anterior - front side • Superficial - closer to the surface • Internal - deep • Abduction - movement away from the midline • Adduction - movement towards the midline

  28. Medial - Middle • Lateral - Side • Superior - Towards the head - upper • Inferior - Towards the feet - lower

  29. Supine - face up • Prone - face down • Proximal - close to the point of reference or attachment • Distal - away from the point of reference or attachment

  30. Sign (S) - something you can use your senses to diagnose the patient • Symptom - (Sx) - something the patient complains of • Dx - diagnosis

  31. Posterior - back • Parietal - outer lining • Visceral - inner lining, internal organ • Inversion - turning inward • Eversion - turning outward • AP - anterior/posterior • MRI - Magnetic Resonance Imaging • CT Scan - Computed Tomography Scan • X-ray - Radiological study

  32. RUQ - Right upper quadrant • LUQ - Left upper quadrant • RLQ - Right lower quadrant • LLQ - Left lower quadrant

  33. Sono - sonogram • Lat - lateral • ROM - range of motion

  34. Positions in Bed • Fowler’s - sitting upright • semi-Fowler’s • high-Fowler’s • Lateral recumbent- comfort with • pillows • Sims - lying on the left side • Lithotomy- Childbirth • Trendelenberg - Shock position • the head is down and legs up

  35. Body Structure Review Worksheet 1. Spinal, cranial, thoracic, abdominopelvic 2. RUQ- liver and gall bladder RLQ- appendix and female reproduction LUQ- stomach, pancreas and spleen LLQ- sigmoid colon and female reproduction RUQ LUQ RLQ LLQ 3. Body Planes- Midsagittal- Right and Left sides Coronal/Frontal- Anterior and Posterior Transverse/Horizontal- Superior and Inferior 4. Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccyx

  36. Abbreviation Set #4 • 1. AP- anterior/posterior • 2. CA- cancer • 3. cm- centimeter • 4. cc- cubic centimeter • 5. DC- discontinue • 6. /d- per day • 7. DOA- dead on arrival • 8. DOB- date of birth • 9. h, hr.- hour • 10. qam- every morning

  37. 11. wt.- weight • 12. CXR- chest x-ray • 13. Bx- biopsy • 14. H&P- history and physical • 15. Kg- kilogram • 16. GU- genitourinary • 17. GI- gastrointestinal • 18. MS- musculoskeletal • 19. CV- cardiovascular • 20. ht.- height

  38. BODY STRUCTURE ELEMENTS (use with your textbook for CD-Rom) Element Meaning abdomin/o abdomen aden/o gland anter/o front, anterior caud/o tail dist/o far, farthest dors/o back (of body) gastr/o stomach hem/o blood hist/o tissue lapar/o abdomen later/o side lumb/o lower back, loin medi/o middle my/o muscle pariet/o wall pelv/i pelvis pelv/o pelvis

  39. ELEMENT MEANING periton/o peritoneum proxim/o near, nearest poster/o back (of body), posterior scler/o hardening thorac/o chest (thorax) ventr/o belly viscer/o internal organ -ab away from -ad towards -algia pain -cele hernia -ic, -al, -eal pertaining to -logist specialist in the study of -logy study of -malacia softening -osis abnormal condition -plasia formation, growth -plasty surgical repair

  40. ELEMENT MEANING -rrhaphy suture -scope instrument to view -stasis standing still (of) -tomy incision, cut into a-, an- without, not epi- above, upon

  41. Homework • Study for suffix/prefix test • Complete pages 60-70 (book) Interactive CD • Complete pages 39-42 (syllabus) • Complete body structure crossword puzzle (handout) • Read pages 72-92 (book)

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