Week 7: Production + Consumption

1. Week 7: Production + Consumption

2. Lecture Contents Products today Why do we consume so much? Product Lifecycles New Consumption

3. Why? • Place body text here or bullet points… • Point One • Point Two • Point Three How many products are there in the average Household? Images to right of slide With info underneath. Other body text to go here

6. Why? • Place body text here or bullet points… • Point One • Point Two • Point Three How many products do we consume? Images to right of slide With info underneath. Other body text to go here

7. …..products today

8. Product Facts Households now contain over 1,000 products (compared to 25, 50 years ago) 1 new product appears on the shelf everyday, 1 is removed every 3 days 560kg per person of waste generated in developed countries (3 times more than in 1984) [www.uneptie.org] 1000kg of products purchased per year by consumers, only 100kg is retained as long term durables. Average age of household appliance when discarded ranged from 2-12 years. Only ¼ were sold or donated for re-use. 1 in 10 products still worked when discarded.

9. 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% washing machine vacuum cleaner television razor video stereo television stove computer still functioning not functioning properly not functioning Chart courtesy of the Eternally Yours Foundation, 1999

10. Approaching market saturation, style rather than function becomes the selling point. New technologies supersede old at phenomenal rates. Over designed products Design life – Black and Decker drill: 25hrs Use life – 1 Hour CD’s played once over their lives Products designed to fail Use life – Nokia phone 18 months More products = more power consumption

12. Why? • Place body text here or bullet points… • Point One • Point Two • Point Three Why? Images to right of slide With info underneath. Other body text to go here

13. Industrialisation Mass Production

14. Cheap Energy Available Oil Reserves

17. Globalisation + Global Movement

18. Increased leisure time More disposable Income

19. Status, Consumer Society Planned Obsolescence

22. Status, Consumer Society Planned Obsolescence

23. Why? • Place body text here or bullet points… • Point One • Point Two • Point Three What impact do these products have? Images to right of slide With info underneath. Other body text to go here

24. … . Phases in a product’s lifecycle Raw material extractionWood from forest, oil from well, metal ore from mine, etc. Material processingWood to paper, oil to plastic, ores to metal alloys, etc. Component manufacturingPaper printed, plastic molded, alloys into circuitry, etc. Assembly & packagingProduct is assembled and packaged with documentation. Distribution & purchaseProduct is distributed and purchased. Installation & useEnergy and additional materials may be used. Maintenance & upgradingProduct cleaned, parts replaced or upgraded Transport(among all phases) Via train, truck, car, sea vessel or airplane Reuse, recycling or composting Product or component reuse or material recycling. Incineration or landfillingProduct or components are burned or buried in landfill.

25. Phases in a product’s lifecycle

26. Example: What are the phases in the lifecycle of a toothbrush?

27. Material Extraction Oil is extracted from the earth

28. Materials Processing Raw materials refined & combined with chemicals to form plastic

29. Component Manufacturing The materials are formed into the final product.

30. Assembly and Packaging The toothbrush is packaged individually and boxed in large quantities.

31. Distribution and Purchase The brush is distributed and bought. Waste from packaging

32. Installation and use Brush teeth, toothpaste, water, waste.

33. Maintenance and upgrade Replacement

34. End-of-Life The Brush is returned for material recycling?

35. What are the alternatives?

36. Class exercise: What are the phases in the lifecycle of a Glass?

37. Discussion: Why should or shouldn’t we consider all of the phases in the life of a product?

38. 80-90% of a products environmental & economic impacts decided upon in design & development stages Early intervention is essential

39. Sustainable Product Development Sustainable Design is concerned with balancing economic, environmental and social aspects in the creation of products and services… To create sustainable products and services that increase stakeholders' 'quality of life' while at the same time achieving major reductions in resource and energy use, will require a significant emphasis on stimulating new ideas through higher levels of creativity and innovation (Charter & Tischner) The process of designing goods & services which consider all tenets of Sustainable Development. Holistic approach to the design and development of products and services.

40. Courtesy of Gavin Harte ESD Training

41. New ways of doing things Transparency in design practice Responsible Design (Design for other 90%, Upgrade, Reuse, Second Life) Emotionally Enhanced Products (Extended life spans) Dematerialisation Product Service Systems Design for Limited Life spans Looking to Nature

42. Transparency in design practice Transparent, Honest Patagonia ‘Footprint Chronicles’ Accountability Responsibility http://www.patagonia.com/web/us/footprint/index.jsp

43. Social Environment Economy What’s right? What’s wrong?

44. Design for the other 90%

45. Design for the other 90%

46. Second Life

47. Responsible Design Aeron Chair Hermann Miller

48. Responsible Design

49. Design for responsible behaviour

50. Dematerialisation IPod Dematerialised Solution