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Early 18c Europe: Agricultural Revolution

Early 18c Europe: Agricultural Revolution. By: Ms. Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY and Ms. Snyder of CCHS. The “Little Ice Age”: 1350-1700. Medieval “Warm Period”. In the 17c, Europe relied on a very inefficient agricultural system to feed its population.

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Early 18c Europe: Agricultural Revolution

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  1. Early 18c Europe: Agricultural Revolution By: Ms. Susan M. PojerHorace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY and Ms. Snyder of CCHS

  2. The “Little Ice Age”:1350-1700 Medieval “Warm Period” In the 17c, Europe relied on a very inefficient agricultural system to feed its population.

  3. Medieval or Traditional Society • Farming During the Middle Ages • Disadvantages • Some Forces of Change

  4. Village Farming

  5. Feudal Common Field System

  6. “Summer” by Pieter Brueghel the Elder (1568)

  7. “Summer” by Pieter van der Heyden (1570)

  8. “Summer” by Pieter Brueghel the Younger (1622)

  9. 17c EuropeanAgrarians

  10. Dutch Vegetable Market

  11. Yield Ratio for Grain Crops(1400-1800)

  12. Grain Supplies in 16c Europe

  13. Cereal Crops in 18c Europe

  14. Agricultural Revolution Enclosure Movement “A tragedy for a few, a boon for the majority”

  15. Enclosure Riots

  16. The Diggers

  17. “Enclosed” Lands Today

  18. Crop Rotation Oats/Barley Turnips Alfalfa/Clover Wheat

  19. Crop Rotation Turnips Wheat Oats/Barley Alfalfa/Clover

  20. Seed Drill Jethro Tull

  21. RESULTS CYCLICAL EFFECT: SHIFT POWER BALANCE:

  22. 18cPopulationGrowthRate

  23. Population Takeoff in Europe

  24. Cottage Industries and Early Capitalism

  25. Cottage Industries: akaThe “Putting-Out” System or the Domestic System

  26. Cottage Industries:

  27. Cottage Industries:

  28. The Textile Industry and Factory System

  29. Textile Industry Invented 1. New Inventions

  30. Spinning Yarn Before

  31. After “Spinning Jenny” James Hargreaves (1767)

  32. Richard Arkwright:“Pioneer of the Factory System” The Water Frame - 1768

  33. John Kay’s “Flying Shuttle”

  34. The Power Loom Edmund Cartwright (1785)

  35. Jacquard’s Loom

  36. Young “Bobbin-Doffers”

  37. The Cotton Gin: Eli Whitney (1793)

  38. Textile Industry Invented 2. Rise of the Factories • Machines became larger, faster, more expensive, and needed more power • Concentrates production in one place [materials, labor]. • Located near sources of power [rather than labor or markets]. • Requires a lot of capital investment [factory, machines, etc.] more than skilled labor.

  39. Early Factories were nice places to work. People cooked and lived together in employee communities and their children went to community schools. Bosses knew their employees personally. The Mills at Lanmark

  40. Later Factories were bigger, harsher places. Bosses did not know their employees, did not care about them and could always hire someone else. Manchester Factory Building

  41. 3. Effects of the textile factories in Britain

  42. Textile FactoryWorkers in England

  43. The Factory System • Rigid schedule. • 12-14 hour day. • Dangerous conditions. • Mind-numbing monotony.

  44. A Woosted Mill in Bedworth, England, 1800

  45. CHANGES IN TRANSPORTATION

  46. James Watt’s Steam Engine

  47. Steam Tractor

  48. Steam Ship (1776)

  49. The Steam Locomotive Richard Trevithick The London Steam Carriage

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