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Embedding Multilevel Factors in an Organization Field Context

Delve into the interplay of factors in organizational fields focusing on structures, variables, and decision-making models, contextualized within communities and institutions. Adopt a comprehensive approach blending structural and cultural elements.

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Embedding Multilevel Factors in an Organization Field Context

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  1. Embedding Multilevel Factors in an Organization Field Context W. Richard Scott Stanford University

  2. Expanding Levels of Analysis • organization structures as environments for individual behavior • organization structures as foci of study • organization sets • organization populations • organization fields

  3. Expanding Scope of Variables • economic exchanges (transactions) • power and politics (intra- and interorganizational) • relational networks and systems • symbolic (cultural) systems • knowledge, resources and capabilities in an evolutionary perspective

  4. Organization Field (definitions) Those organizations that, in the aggregate, constitute a recognized area of institutional life: key suppliers, resource and produce consumers, regulatory agencies, and other organizations that produce similar services or products. -DiMaggio & Powell 1991

  5. Organization Field (definitions) The notion of field connotes the existence of a community organizations that partakes of a common meaning system and whose participants interact more frequently and fatefully with one another than with actors outside the field. -Scott, 1994

  6. Components of Fields • Actors (individual and collective) -central, peripheral, and intermediate -established and emergent • Institutional logics -cognitive and normative -background (e.g., assumptions) and foreground (e.g., policies) • Governance structures -regulative and normative -organization-level and field-level

  7. Advantages of Field over Levels Conception • stresses centrality of organizations • moves from generalized attributes to factors affecting specific actors in particular contexts (more customized) • heuristic • dynamic • gives equal attention to structural and cultural factors • accommodates tension between structures and actors • views fields as areas of contestation as well as cooperation.

  8. Garbage Can Model of Decision-Making (March and Cohen 1972) Decisions are strongly affected by: • who participates? • what constitutes a ‘choice opportunity’? • who decides what is a problem? • who determines what is a possible or adequate solution?

  9. Contextualizing Multi-level Factors • laws & policies -affected by location of organization in field • time -extent of field structuration • interorganizational linkages -critical exchange partners • community context -demograpics • organization -number/specialty of cancer care providers

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