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Craik & Tulving Levels of processing (1975)

Describe and evaluate the Levels of Processing framework (theory) of memory ( Craik and Lockhart, 1972) Be able to describe and evaluate the experiment which supports the framework. This was conducted by Craik & Tulving (1974). Craik & Tulving Levels of processing (1975).

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Craik & Tulving Levels of processing (1975)

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  1. Describe and evaluate the Levels of Processing framework (theory) of memory (Craik and Lockhart, 1972) Be able to describe and evaluate the experiment which supports the framework. This was conducted by Craik & Tulving (1974)

  2. Craik & TulvingLevels of processing (1975)

  3. Standardised Instructions • Write yes in the top left hand corner of a sheet of paper • Write no in the top right hand corner of the same sheet • You will see a slide with a question followed by another slide with a one word answer. • Point to the correct answer (yes if correct or no if incorrect) on your sheet • The next is an example of the type of question.

  4. Is this word written in lowercase letters?

  5. apple

  6. Does the word fit the sentence ‘ I use a ……… to write with’

  7. pen

  8. Ok ready to start?

  9. Is the word in capital letters?

  10. FIELD

  11. Does the word fit the sentence ‘..........’ is a type of pudding’?

  12. Rice

  13. Is the word written in green ink?

  14. dance

  15. Does the word rhyme with ‘lush’ ?

  16. BRUSH

  17. Does the word fit the sentence ‘Bees make .........?

  18. HONEY

  19. Does the word fit the sentence ‘I go to ……. when it is late’ ?

  20. lamp

  21. Does the word rhyme with word yellow?

  22. POOL

  23. Does the word rhyme with ‘trunk’ ?

  24. twig

  25. Does the word fit the sentence ‘please shut the ………….’ ?

  26. CLAW

  27. Is the word in lower case letters?

  28. sheet

  29. Does the word rhyme with ‘ship’?

  30. SOAP

  31. Does the word fit the sentence ‘the …….. gives us medicine.’

  32. NURSE

  33. Is the word in lower case letters?

  34. GLOVE

  35. Does the word rhyme with ‘goose’

  36. juice

  37. Is the word in capital letters?

  38. daisy

  39. Thank you. That completes this part of the study

  40. Now answer these maths questions • 7x9 • 4x6 • 8x7 • 12x11 • 13x5 • 4x4

  41. How did you do? • 7x9 = 63 • 4x6 =24 • 8x7 =56 • 12x11 =132 • 13x5 =65 • 4x4 =16

  42. You’re ability to retrieve this information will now be tested • Either recall all the target words (free recall) • or put a tick by all the target words you recognise on the list max 15 (recognition task) • What experimental design is this? • What is the weakness with this design? • How was this weakness overcome?

  43. What kinds of questions were you asked? • Is the word written in lower case or capitals, is it written in red or green? • Does the word rhyme with…….? • Does the word fit in the sentence…….? Or is it a type of …..?

  44. 3 levels of processing • Shallow = structural/visual • Middle level = phonemic/phonetic • Deep level = semantic

  45. Write a hypothesis for this experiment • What did Craik and Tulving expect to find? • Would they have used a one tail or two tail hypothesis? • IV= Type of question • DV = Number of words recalled • Now write the null hypothesis

  46. Design • Having collected data – is the design independent or repeated? • Although C & T had many conditions…look this up as part of your homework… • Design = repeated measures as the conditions are the 3 levels of processing • Shallow = structural/visual • Middle level = phonemic/phonetic • Deep level = semantic

  47. Collect scores from 3/4other people – you need 4 x free recall and 3 x recognition scores • Work out a measure of central tendency (the mean) for each condition The mean number of words recognised • Condition a) structural/visual • Condition b) auditory/phonemic • Condition c) Semantic Do your results support the LOP model of memory? Look at NLN materials next

  48. Visually represent your data • How will you present your findings? • What kind of graph would work best? • Always go for the simplest visual presentation Can you identify any weaknesses with the experimental design?

  49. Describe and evaluate the Levels of Processing framework for memory research (Craik and Lockhart, 1972) • and one other theory or model of memory (other than cue dependent theory). • Suitable examples: • reconstructive memory (Bartlett, 1932) • multi-store model of memory (Atkinson & Shiffrin, 1968) • working memory (Baddeley & Hitch, 1974) • spreading-activation Model of Semantic Memory (Collins & Loftus, 1975).

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