Hazardous Energy Module: Understanding Energy Hazards and Lockout/Tagout

1. Hazardous Energy Module 5

2. Objectives • After this module you should be able to • identify the most common energy hazards • take the necessary steps to avoid those hazards

3. Energy Hazards • Energy that is not isolated at its source • Stored energy • Accidental re-energization of equipment • Not controlling the key for your own lock • Maintenance and service on live electrical equipment • Energy disconnects not labeled • Damaged extension cords • Extension cords without grounding prongs • Extension cords not GFCI-protected • Overhead powerlines

4. What is Lockout/Tagout? • Lockout/tagout (LOTO) is a physical means of stopping the flow of energy (whether electrical, hydraulic, pneumatic, etc.) from the energy source to the equipment and ultimately to the worker • Lockout/tagout prevents the unexpected startup of the equipment or release of stored energy from the equipment during maintenance or servicing of the equipment

5. Sequence of Lockout • Notify all affected employees • Identify energy sources • Shut equipment down • De-activate the energy isolating devices • Lockout the energy isolating devices • Dissipate or restrain stored or residual energy • Verify energy isolation

6. Re-Energizing Equipment • Check equipment and immediate area • Ensure all employees are clear • Verify that controls are in neutral • Remove lockout devices and re-energize the equipment • Notify all affected employees

7. mud pumps are one example of equipment that must be locked and tagged out before maintenance or servicing follow your company’s lockout/tagout procedures for the specific equipment to be worked on

8. lockout/tagout equipment must be provided use only approved locks and tags when performing lockout/tagout

9. a proper lockout/tagout setup for a single authorized employee

10. Additional Concerns • During third-party or outside contractor operations, the employer’s shall decide which company’s lockout policy to use • During group lockout, each worker must put a lock on the lockout device • During a shift change, the level of protection provided by lockout/tagout necessary to protect workers must be maintained

11. What Electricity Can Do • 1 mA = 1/1000 Amp • A small drill uses 2.25 Amps • 1 mA = perception level, slight tingling • 5 mA = slight shock, not painful • 6-30 mA = painful shock, can’t let go • 50-150 mA = extreme pain, respiratory arrest • 1-4.3 Amps = ventricular fibrillation, death likely • 10 Amps = cardiac arrest, probable death

12. Electrical Protection • Electric power tools must have a true ground or be double insulated • Extension cords must be rated for commercial outdoor use • Extension cords must have a ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI) connected • it can be hard wired into the circuit or you can attach a portable GFCI [below]

13. damage of an extension cord through the outer jacket, exposing the conductors and ground wire Corrective Action: this cord must be taken out of service (note that minor cuts or nicks are allowed)

14. an extension cord with the ground plug missing Corrective Actions: cut into pieces and discard this cord; replace with a grounded extension cord

15. cables can become damaged with nicks, cuts, etc. these cables are chained up to reduce the possibility of damage

16. this is a good example of properly labeled electrical components all electrical disconnects should be labeled accordingly

17. Electrical Hazard Clues • Clues that electrical hazards exist • tripped circuit breakers or blown fuses • warm tools, wires, cords, connections, or junction boxes • GFCI that shuts off a circuit • worn or frayed insulation around wire or connection

18. overhead powerlines are a constant threat to equipment and trucking operators Corrective Action: you, your equipment, and materials should stay at least 10 feet away from overhead powerlines

19. If You Contact a Powerline • The equipment you are operating and the ground around it is energized • Stay in the equipment if possible • Warn all others to stay away • Notify the power company immediately

20. If You Contact a Powerline • If you must get out of the equipment • keep both feet together at all times • hop or shuffle out of the area

21. Revisions to NFPA 70E • As a result of the injuries and deaths related to arc flash, changes/additions have been incorporated into the National Fire Protection Association publication number 70E, the most recent version being NFPA 70E-2004. • qualified persons only • arc flash analysis • personal protective equipment • ppe according to standard • ppe with proper arc flash rating

22. Arc Flash • Arc flash results from an arcing fault, where electric arcs and resulting radiation and shrapnel cause severe burns, hearing damage, and eye injuries • To minimize risk • switch remotely if possible • stand aside and away as much as possible • avoid touching switchgear or metallic surfaces • use proper tools and ppe

23. a good example of arc flash ppe

25. Applicable Standards • 1910.147 Control of Hazardous Energy • 1910 Subpart S Electrical • 1926 Subpart K Electrical • NFPA 70E • API RP 54 Section 10 Drilling and Well Servicing Rig Electrical Systems

26. Your Employer Is Responsible For • Creating lockout/tagout procedures • Training employees to become authorized employees and ensuring only they perform lockout/tagout • Providing all necessary equipment and ppe to ensure your safety • Responding to and correcting hazards pointed out by you, the worker

27. You Are Responsible For • Following your company’s lockout/tagout procedures • Inspecting electric power tools and extension cords before each use • Operating heavy equipment and cranes at least 10’ away from overhead powerlines • Wearing the appropriate ppe • Correcting the hazards you are able to correct • Reporting to your supervisor the hazards you are unable to correct

28. Case Study • A worker began repairing a cable that had been damaged by a truck, he deenergized the cable. Another worker reenergized it. The worker making the repair died.

29. Case Study • A pump jack, being moved with a gin pole truck, came into contact with or came near an electrical line.

30. Always Remember • Follow lockout/tagout procedures • Label all breakers, switches, and other disconnects • Wear appropriate ppe • Be aware of powerlines • Inspect extension cords frequently

31. Memory Check • You, your equipment, and materials should stay at least how many feet away from overhead powerlines? • 6 inches • 10 feet • 30 feet • 100 feet

32. Memory Check • What must be connected to each extension cord that is in use? • an AC/DC convertor • a GFCI • a 3-to-2 prong adaptor • a cord reel

33. Memory Check • What should an equipment operator who has contacted an overhead powerline NOT do? • stay in the equipment, if possible • jump with feet apart • shuffle or hop across the ground • warn all others to stay away