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The Discovery and Function of Cells - A Journey into the Smallest Units of Life

Learn about the fascinating world of cells, the smallest units of living organisms. Explore the discovery of cells by scientists such as Schleiden, Schwann, and Virchow, and understand the principles of the Cell Theory. Discover the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and the important role played by organelles within a cell. Dive into the functions of the cell membrane, diffusion, osmosis, and active transport. Unravel the mysteries of the nucleus and understand its control over cell functions.

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The Discovery and Function of Cells - A Journey into the Smallest Units of Life

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  1. Cells http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gFuEo2ccTPA

  2. What is a cell? • Smallest unit of a living thing.

  3. Cells make up Tissues which make up Organs which make up Organ Systems which make up Organisms! • Organisms are Living things!

  4. Makes up organisms. • Can be an organism (single-celled) creatures or …

  5. …multi-celled like us!

  6. Most cells are alive • They reproduce, grow/develop, use/obtain energy, and adapt to their environment, contain chemicals.

  7. Specialized cells • Have a specific function that they serve… http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I8uXewS9dJU

  8. Discovery of the Cell http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dscY_2QQbKU

  9. Mathias Schleiden • Discovered that plants contain cells

  10. Theodor Schwann • Discovered that animals are made up of cells.

  11. Rudolph Virchow • Discovered that cells divide to create new cells.

  12. All of these scientists contributed to the Cell Theory…

  13. 1) All living things are made up of one or more cells. • 2) Cells are the basic unit of structure and function of living things. • 3) All cells come from pre-existing cells.

  14. Prokaryotic Cells- “pro”- before karyon or kernel • Cells without a nucleus • Ex. Viral/Bacterial cell

  15. Eukaryotic Cells- “true karyon” or kernel • Cells with a nucleus • Ex. Plant, Animal cells http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yWy4o_UfZ4A

  16. Of course none of this would have been possible without Anton Van Leeuwenhoek and his early microscope!

  17. We’ve come a long ways…

  18. Organelle • Tiny “organs” that perform a specific job (function) inside of a cell. • Structure- how it is made, what it is made of? • Examples- Nucleus, Ribosomes, Mitochondria, ER

  19. Cell Wall

  20. Ribosomes

  21. Cell Membrane • Controls what goes in/out of cell • Protection • Support/Shape Cell membrane___

  22. 1. Diffusion (passive) • “Molecules” moving from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. • Trying to reach a state of “equilibrium” where all molecules are evenly spaced!

  23. Selectively Permeable • Allows or “selects” certain materials to enter/leave the cell • Good things- Vitamins, Minerals, Water, Oxygen • Bad things- Viruses, Bacteria, Pirates

  24. Passive Transport Requires little to no cell energy to move molecules throughout the cell. 1- Diffusion 2- Osmosis

  25. 2. Osmosis (passive) • The diffusion of WATER! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IaZ8MtF3C6M

  26. Osmotic pressure • Isotonic- balanced • Hypertonic- cells shrink, vacuoles collapse • Hypotonic- cells swell and burst!

  27. Facilitated Diffusion • Specific type of diffusion • Passive • Protein channels assist/allow passage through membrane

  28. Active Transport • Movement through a cell membrane (cell wall) in which the cell USES energy!

  29. Endocytosis • Type of active transport • Brings materials into cell by capturing into “pockets”

  30. Exocytosis • Removal of materials from cell • Pushes material out of the cell • Active transport

  31. Nucleus • Located in center of cell • Circular • Contains DNA/Genetic Info • The “Boss” of the cell. Controls cell functions

  32. Osmotic Pressure

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