Unit 1 What is Medicine?

1. Unit 1 What is Medicine?

2. Skills focus Listening • preparing for a lecture • predicting lectures content from the introduction • understanding lecture organization • choosing an appropriate form of notes • making lecture notes Speaking • speaking from notes Vocabulary focus • words from general English with a special meaning in medical studies • prefixes and suffixes

4. Vocabulary bank Guessing words in context Using related words Sometimes a word in general English has a special meaning in medicine. Examples: patient, dressing, theatre If you recognize a word but don’t understand it in context, think: • What is the basic meaning of the word? • Does that help me understand the special meaning?

5. Vocabulary bank Guessing words in context Examples: Water can drip from a tap. A drip means a tiny flow of liquid. If a doctor puts a patient on a drip, it means that the patient receive a tiny flow of some type of liquid, usually in the form of a drug, such as an antibiotic.

6. 1.1 Vocabulary A Read the e-mail. What do the word in blue mean in medical English? Hi Beth Hope you’re having a good time on holiday. I’m stuck in front of my computer again, trying to finish my history essay. It’s 11:30 a.m. and I’m not even dressed yet. Actually, we’ve got a leak in the bathroom and I’m waiting for the plumber to come and fix the valves, or whatever’s wrong with it. He’s waiting for a delivery of the parts, apparently. I’m trying to be patient, but every ten seconds I can hear a drip from the bathroom and it’s starting to drive me crazy! Some of the girls invited me to see a play at the theatre last night. It’s not my kind of thing normally, but I have to admit the cast were excellent, even if the storyline was not that great. I tried to take a photo of them for you, but my finger was covering the camera lens, so it hasn’t come out very well. Anyway – back to my history essay. See you next week. Sophie

7. part of speech changed from verb to noun notes about the patient’s previous and present medical problem(s) works in a similar way to a valve in plumbing protective covering for a wound to avoid infection during the healing process feature of the heart that enables it to function by opening and closing, allowing blood to pass through part of speech changed from adjective to noun delivery room – room in hospital where babies are born/delivered part of speech changed from verb to noun person who receives care from a doctor, nurse or other healthcare professional liquid passed slowly into patient’s blood through a tube part of speech changed from verb to noun room in a hospital where operations are performed department in hospital where patients register on arrival made of plaster of Paris to aid in the healing of broken bones by keeping the body part stiff works in a similar way to a camera lens part of the eye located behind the pupil that focuses light

8. 1.1 Vocabulary B Complete each sentence with one of the words in red from Exercise A. Change the form if necessary. 1 It’s only fairly recently that ‘birthing partners’ have been allowed to be present in the _________ room. 2 Behind the iris is the soft, elastic _____ that widens or contracts under different lighting conditions. 3 The ________ will need to take the prescription to the pharmacist in order to get his medication. 4 The heart is a muscular pump, dependent on a series of four _______ that enable it to function. 5 Take the patient’s ________ by asking him or her about their past and current medical problems. 6 You will be taken down to _________ for your operation once you have been seen by the anaesthetist. 7 The patient was ___________ to the Emergency Unit following a near-fatal car accident, and is currently on a ______. 8 The nurse will change the __________ on your wound now, but the ________ on your leg won’t come off for another week or so. delivery lens patient valves history theatre admitted drip dressing cast

9. 1.1 Vocabulary C&D Study box a and box b. suffix extra letters at the end a base word extra letters at the beginning a base word prefix

10. anti-inflammatory against anti related to human life bio biology lack of disability dis PREFIX implant im not insomnia in not ir not irreversible malformed mal bad/wrong micro very small microscope outbreak out exterior pre pre-existing before from one place to another trans transplant ultra excessive ultraviolet un not/ opposite unconscious

11. dialysis sis noun radiologist specialist in the study of ist SUFFIX genetic ic adjective conditioning noun ing tasteful ful verb → adjective make into fy modify treatment verb → noun ment adjective → noun ity immunity organism noun ism

12. al noun → adjective chemical ion verb → noun investigation SUFFIX ian related to person’s job title paediatrician ogy study of histology er related to person’s job title driver ate to make procreate ance verb → noun acquaintance ness weakness adjective → noun to cause/ to become ize hospitalize

13. 1.1 Vocabulary E Describe the following pictures delivery room, delivering a baby admissions, admit a patient history of a patient, take the patient’s history

14. 1.1 Vocabulary E Describe the following pictures the operation is taking place in theatre, operating theatre the leg is in a cast, a plaster cast being on a drip dressing for a wound

15. 1.1 Vocabulary E Describe the following pictures the valve helps the heart to function effectively, aortic valve lens (of an eye) the joint of a knee, knee joint

16. 1.2 Listening A You are a student in the Faculty of Medicine at Hadford University. The title of the first lecture is What is medicine? 1 Write a definition of medicine. 2 What other ideas will be in this lecture? Make some notes. See Skills bank.

17. Skills bank Making the most of lectures 4 Ps

18. Skills bank Before a lecture… Plan • Find out the topic of the lecture. • Research the topic. • Check the pronunciation of names and key words in English.

19. Skills bank Before a lecture… Prepare • Get to the lecture room early. • Sit where you can see and hear clearly. • Bring any equipment you may need. • Write the date, topic and name of the lecturer at the top of a sheet of paper.

20. Skills bank During a lecture… Predict • Listen carefully to the introduction. Think: What kind of lecture is this? • Write an outline. Leave space for notes. • Think of possible answers/solutions/effects, etc., while the lecturer is speaking.

21. Skills bank During a lecture… Produce • Write notes/copy from the board. • Record sources – books/websites/names. • At the end, ask the lecturer/other students for missing information.

22. 1.2 Listening B Listen to Part 1 of the talk. What does the lecturer say about medicine? Tick one or more of the following. √ a It is about dissecting bodies. ____ b It is about understanding physiology. ____ c It is about becoming healers. ____ d It is about a lot of studying. ____ 请将本单元的音频和本PPT放在一个单独的文件夹中，点击小喇叭即可播放音频（下同）

23. 1.2 Listening C In Part 2 of the talk, what core subjects will a medical student study?

24. 1.2 Listening D In Part 3 of the talk, the lecturer mentions cell and scan. What do these words mean in general and medical English? smallest unit of living organism place of imprisonment use of ultrasound to visualize internal organs and body tissue look round or read quickly

25. 1.2 Listening E In Part 4 of the talk, the lecturer provides more detail on what is covered by human anatomy.

26. 1.2 Listening F Write a definition of anatomy The study of the outward appearance of the structures of the human body.

27. 1.2 Listening G Look back at your notes from Exercise A. Did you predict: • the main ideas? • most of the special vocabulary? • the order of information?

28. A In a medical context, what can you … a disease, a condition, cancer a patient, a condition, diabetes patient history, observations, results 1.3 Extending skills results of a test, findings, compounds, samples medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine, oncology an operation, an experiment, an ultrasound scan medicine, tablets, exercise, drugs, medication, treatment drugs, an injection, a dose results of a test, an x-ray, an ultrasound [scan]

29. B How can you organize information in a lecture? Match the beginnings and endings. question and contrast problem and definition 1.3 Extending skills classification and disadvantages advantages and effect comparison and events cause and supporting information sequence of process stages of a solution theories or opinions then answer

30. Skills bank Making perfect lecture notes two columns advantages and disadvantages pros cons spidergram cause and effect classification and definition tree diagram comparison and contrast table

31. Skills bank Making perfect lecture notes table facts and figures 18th 19th 1920 timeline sequence of events flowchart stages of process question and answer headings and notes

32. E Listen to five lecture introductions. Choose a possible way to take notes from Exercise C in each case. Example You hear: In the lecture today, I’m going to talk about the different stages of Alzheimer’s and how these can be recognized in the patient … You choose: flowchart 1.3 Extending skills

33. E Listen to five lecture introductions. Choose a possible way to take notes from Exercise C in each case. Lecture 1 Lecture 2 Lecture 3 Lecture 4 Lecture 5 advantages and disadvantages (two columns) classification and definition (tree diagram) 1.3 Extending skills process of stages (flowchart) problem and solution (headings and notes/two columns) cause and effect (spidergram)

34. A Study pictures 1-5. What do they show? Match the following words. scalpel 1.4 Extending skills stagnant water antiseptic vaccination laser surgery

35. B What does each diagram (a-c) show? 1.4 Extending skills the thyroid gland brain scans comparing a healthy patient with a patient suffering from Alzheimer’s the chemical breakdown of penicillin

36. C Listen to the lecture introductions from lesson 1.3 again. Make an outline of your notes. 1.4 Extending skills D Look at your outline for each lecture. What do you expect the lecture to talk about in the lecture? In what order?

37. E Listen to the next part each lecture. Complete your notes. Lecture 1 Lecture 2 Lecture 3 Lecture 4 Lecture 5 1.4 Extending skills 请将本单元的音频和本PPT放在一个单独的文件夹中，点击超链接即可播放音频

38. F Uncover the opposite page. Check your notes against the model notes. Are yours the same or different? 1.4 Extending skills G Work in pair. 1 Use the notes on the opposite page. Reconstruct one lecture. 2 Give the lecture to another pair.

39. Tips for Reference 1.1 Vocabulary部分，可以先让学生课前通过查阅词典等完成A、B、C、D的练习；接着，课堂上讲解vocabulary bank中的“Guessing words in context”技能；E部分的图片可以请学生课堂讨论。 1.2 Listening部分，按次序听完，并将skills bank中“Making the most of lectures”技能融入听力训练中。 1.3 Extending skills部分，重点讲解如何通过学术讲座的开头介绍，设计笔记的类型。 1.4 Extending skills部分，可以作为学生课后操练的练习；由学生听完整的讲座内容，并做好笔记；课堂上请学生根据笔记讲述内容。

40. 谢谢欣赏！