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CPET 355

CPET 355. 2. The Physical Layer - Wireless Transmission Paul I-Hai Lin, Professor Electrical and Computer Engineering Technology Purdue University, Fort Wayne Campus. The Electromagnetic Spectrum. NASA http://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/science/know_l1/emspectrum.htm

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CPET 355

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  1. CPET 355 2. The Physical Layer - Wireless Transmission Paul I-Hai Lin, Professor Electrical and Computer Engineering Technology Purdue University, Fort Wayne Campus Prof. Paul Lin

  2. The Electromagnetic Spectrum • NASA • http://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/science/know_l1/emspectrum.htm • http://imagers.gsfc.nasa.gov/ems/waves3.html • Berkeley Lab: Electromagnetic Spectrumhttp://www.lbl.gov/MicroWorlds/ALSTool/EMSpec/EMSpec2.html • Naval Spectrum Management Support- http://www.navemscen.navy.mil/index.htm Prof. Paul Lin

  3. Frequency Allocation • Radio wave- < 3 x109 Hz • Microwave – 3.0x109 – 3x1012 Hz • Infrared - 3.0x1012 – 4.3x1014 Hz • Visible - 4.3x1014 – 7.5x1014 Hz • Ultraviolet - 7.5x1014 – 3.0x1017 Hz • X-Rays - 3.0x1017 – 3.0x1019 Hz • Gamma Rays - > 3.0x1019 Hz f = c Wavelength*Frequency = speed of light Prof. Paul Lin

  4. Wavelength • f = c Wavelength*Frequency = speed of light • Electromagnetic Wave • http://www.geo.mtu.edu/rs/back/spectrum/ • An Applet Example - http://lectureonline.cl.msu.edu/~mmp/applist/Spectrum/s.htm Prof. Paul Lin

  5. Spectrum for Wireless Transmission • Usable spectrum: Radio wave, Microwave, Infrared, and Visible light f = c f = c/  df/d = c/ 2 f = c  / 2 • Narrow frequency band f/f << 1, best reception (watts/Hz) • Frequency hopping spread spectrum • Military application, 802.11, Bluetooth, Prof. Paul Lin

  6. Wireless Transmission • Federal Regulations • Wireless Telecommunication Bureau, http://wireless.fcc.gov/ • Emerging Wireless Technologies, http://www.fcc.gov/initiatives.html • 3G Wireless • Broadband • Digital TV • Lower Power FM • Rural Wireless ISP • Voice Over IP Prof. Paul Lin

  7. Wireless Transmission • Radio Transmission • Microwave Transmission • Lightwave Transmission • Satellite Communications Prof. Paul Lin

  8. Radio Transmission • Omnidirectional systems • For indoor and outdoor • No need for physical alignment • Can penetrate buildings easily • Low bandwidth • Examples • Paging – short message, 10s of k meters • Cordless telephone – analog/digital, 10s of meters • Cellular phone – analog/digital/data, k meters • Personal communication services – digital voice and data, 100s of meters Prof. Paul Lin

  9. Microwave Transmission • Wave > 100 MHz can penetrate haze, light rain and snow, clouds, and smoke • Do not passing through building well, and has multipath fading effect (some delay waves that may cancel the signals) • Wave can travel in nearly straight line and can be narrowly focused for transmitting information (data & voice) • 100 meter tower, repeaters can be spaced by 80 km apart Prof. Paul Lin

  10. Microwave Transmission • Microwave Spectrum • http://imagers.gsfc.nasa.gov/ems/micro.html • ISM bands – Industrial, Scientific and Medical for unlicensed usage • International Telecommunication Union http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ITU-T • 900 MHz – crowded, not available world wide • 2.4 GHz – available worldwide; 802.11 wireless LAN • 5.7 GHz – new; 802.11a use it Prof. Paul Lin

  11. Microwave Transmission • Applications • Microwave cooking (about foot wavelength) • Transmitting information: data and phone (can penetrate haze, light rain and snow, clouds, and smoke) • Remote sensing – weather forecasting • Wireless LAN Prof. Paul Lin

  12. Lightwave Transmission • IrDA Association - http://www.irda.org/ • Wavelength range – 850 nm to 900 nm • IrDA-C • 75 kbps, up to 8 meters • IrDA-D • 115 kbps to 4Mbps, up to 1 meter Prof. Paul Lin

  13. Satellite Communications • GOES (Geostationary Satellite) Systems • 36,000 km above the equator • Transponder data rate – 50 Mbps, at 4/6. 11/14, and 20/30 GHz bands • LEOS (Low-Earth Orbit Satellite) Systems • MEOS (Multiple-mission Earth Observatory Satellite) Systems Prof. Paul Lin

  14. GOES Satellite Communications • Significant satellite operators & Industries http://www.3g-generation.com/satellite.htm • GOES Satellites http://ww2010.atmos.uiuc.edu/(Gh)/guides/rs/sat/goes/home.rxml • GOES Science Projects http://rsd.gsfc.nasa.gov/goes/ • GOES Servers • http://www.goes.noaa.gov/ • http://www.goes.noaa.gov/g8hu.html Prof. Paul Lin

  15. Satellite Communications • Overview of LEO Satellite Systems • http://www.its.bldrdoc.gov/meetings/art/art99/slides99/red/red_s.pdf • LEOS (Low-Earth Orbit Satellite) • Technologies and Trends - http://www.mindbranch.com/listing/product/R201-084.html • Routing and Multicasting in LEO Satellite IP Networks • http://users.ece.gatech.edu/~cchen/routing/drp.html Prof. Paul Lin

  16. MEOS Satellite • Multiple-mission Earth Observatory Satellite • http://www.eumetsat.de/en/area2/proceedings/eump33/pdf/session_5/software/oynes.pdf Prof. Paul Lin

  17. Web References • Hughes Network Systems, www.hns.com • http://research.mwjournal.com/data/detail?id=988922143_314&type=ORG • NEC Optical Network Division http://www.necpng.com/press/ • Panduit Network Connectivity Solutions http://www.panduit.com/ • www.commscope.com • Errcsson Microwave Systems AB http://www.ericsson.com/microwave/ • Northrop Grumman – California Microwave Systemshttp://sensor1.northgrum.com/calmw/ Prof. Paul Lin

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